Levy Patrick Mwanawasa - President of Zambia 2002-2008

Toll Patrick Mwanawasa - President of Zambia 2002-2008 Conceived: 3 September 1948 - Mufulira, Northern Rhodesia (presently Zambia)Died: 19 August 2008 - Paris, France Early LifeLevy Patrick Mwanawasa was conceived in Mufulira, in Zambias Copperbelt locale, some portion of the little ethnic gathering, the Lenje. He was taught at Chilwa Secondary School, in Ndola region, and went to peruse law at University of Zambia (Lusaka) in 1970. He graduated with a Bachelor of Law degree in 1973. Mwanawasa began his vocation as a partner in law office in Ndola in 1974, he qualified for the bar in 1975, and shaped his own law organization, Mwanawasa and Co., in 1978. In 1982 he was named Vice-administrator of Law Association of Zambia and somewhere in the range of 1985 and 86 was the Zambian Solicitor-General. In 1989 he effectively safeguarded previous VP Lieutenant General Christon Tembo and others accused of plotting an upset against then president Kenneth Kaunda. Beginning of a Political CareerWhen Zambian president Kenneth Kaunda (United National Independence Party, UNIP) endorsed formation of resistance groups in December 1990, Levey Mwanawasa joined the recently made Movement for Multiparty Democracy (MMD) under the initiative of Fredrick Chiluba. Presidential decisions in October 1991 were won by Frederick Chiluba who got to work (as Zambias second president) on 2 November 1991. Mwanawasa turned into an individual from National Assembly for Ndola body electorate and was delegated VP and pioneer of the Assembly by President Chiluba. Mwanawasa was genuinely harmed in an auto collision in South Africa in December 1991 (his helper passed on at the site) and was hospitalized for an all-encompassing period. He built up a discourse hindrance accordingly. Disappointed with Chilubas GovernmentIn 1994 Mwanawasa surrendered as VP claming the post was progressively unimportant (on the grounds that he was over and again sidelined by chiluba) and that his respectability had been placed in question after a contention with Micheal Sata, serve without portfolio (viably the bureau master) in the MMD government. Sata would later test Mwanawasa for the administration. Mwanawasa openly blamed Chilubas government for endemic debasement and financial unreliability, and left to devot his opportunity to his old legitimate practice. In 1996 Levy Mwanawasa remained against Chiluba for the administration of the MMD yet was thoroughly vanquished. Be that as it may, his political yearnings were not wrapped up. At the point when Chilubas endeavor to change Zambias constitution to permit hey a third term in office fizzled, Mwanawasa moved to the bleeding edge by and by - he was embraced by the MMDs as their possibility for president. President MwanawasaMwanawasa accomplished just a limited triumph in the December 2001 political race, in spite of the fact that his survey consequence of 28.69% votes cast was adequate to win him the administration on a first-past-the-post framework. His closest opponent, out of ten different competitors, Anderson Mazoka got 26.76%. Political race result was tested by his adversaries (particularly by Mazokas party who asserted they had in actuality won). Mwanawasa was sworn into office on 2 January 2002. Mwanawasa and the MMD did not have a general larger part in the National Assembly - because of voter doubt of a gathering Chiluba had brought into unsavoriness, from Chilubas endeavor to clutch power, and in light of the fact that Mwanawasa was viewed as a Chiluba manikin (Chiluba held the post of MMD party president). In any case, Mwanawasa moved rapidly to remove himself from Chiluba, beginning an escalated battle against the debasement which had tormented the MMD. (Mwanawasa additionally canceled the Ministry of Defense and assumed control over the portfolio expressly, resigning 10 senior military officials all the while.) Chiluba surrendered administration of the MMD in March 2002, and under Mwanawasas direction the National Assembly casted a ballot to evacuate the previous presidents resistance to arraignment (he was captured in February 2003). Mwanawasa vanquished a comparative endeavor to denounce him in August 2003. Sick HealthConcerns over Mwanawasas wellbeing emerged after he endured a stroke in April 2006, however he recuperated enough to stand by and by in presidential decisions winning with 43% of the vote. His closest rival, Michael Sata of the Patriotic Front (PF) got 29% of the vote. Sata regularly guaranteed casting a ballot abnormalities. Mwanawasa endured a second stroke in October 2006. On 29 June 2008, hours before the beginning of an African Union culmination, Mwanawasa had a third stroke supposedly considerably more extreme than the past two. He was traveled to France for treatment. Gossipy tidbits about his demise before long circled, yet were excused by the legislature. Rupiah Banda (individual from the United National Independence Pary, UNIP), who had been VP during Mwanawasas second term, became acting president on 29 June 2008. On 19 August 2008, in medical clinic in Paris, Levy Patrick Mwanawasa passed on of inconveniences because of his prior stroke. He will be recognized as a political reformist, who made sure about obligation alleviation and drove Zambia through a time of monetary development (somewhat reinforced by the universal ascent in the cost of copper).

Gender Segregation In The Education System Research Paper

Sex Segregation In The Education System - Research Paper Example Single-sex tutoring has portrayed private schooling for a considerable length of time. In any case, the alteration of Title IX by the Department of Education in 2004 successfully considered state funded schools to seek after sexual orientation isolation either in whole schools or classes. In 2006, single sex schools were officially sanctioned and even impetuses accommodated government funded schools to change into single sex schools rather than simply giving single sex classes inside coeducation schools. The appearance and authorization of single sex schools was predominantly as a reaction to worries from specific areas of the general public that coeducation was advancing sexual orientation imbalance in instruction. A portion of the fundamental concerns incorporate the perception that coeducation schools were liable for training generalizations among young men and young ladies. A portion of these generalizations inc single-area that arithmetic and sciences are customarily for guys wh ile females are capable in murmur single-sex dialects. Subsequently, single-sex schools were quieted as an approach to permit young men and young ladies to seek after their inclinations without confronting generalizations (National Association for Single Sex Public Education, 2011). Kiselewich (2008) advocates for sexual orientation isolation in instruction on a different yet equivalent premise similarly as is acknowledged in sports. The proof set forward to help single-sex schools extrapolated from considers that are not legitimately identified with single-sex training. For example, points of interest given for single-sex tutoring were fundamentally drawn from concentrates on peer/good example impact. Hoxby’s (2000) class size examination discoveries showed that classes with greater part female understudies would be advised to execution in specific subjects. This is just in a roundabout way identified with single-sex training, and there is no proof that the effect on young m en might be equivalent to that of young ladies. Different contemplations that sponsored sexual orientation isolation expressed that young ladies were probably going to seek after male-ruled vocations on the off chance that they went to single-sex schools. The contention further expressed that ladies in single-sex universities sought after arithmetic and sciences on an a lot more prominent level than those in coeducation schools (Billger, 2006). The Counterproductive Nature of Gender Segregation in the Education System One of the clarifications with respect to why the advancement of sexual orientation isolation in the training framework is counterproductive is that it advances a similar sex generalizations it is said to address. There are a few angles through which this is seen starting with the request that by defenders of single-sex schools that such a framework places young ladies in a situation to deal with arithmetic and sciences. By doing this and by marking single-sex schools as offices where young ladies can seek after these regions of study, the discernment that such subjects are better and that young ladies can't exceed expectations in them is further strengthened.â

Dark Side of Science - Free Essay Example

â€Å"Only guard yourself and guard your soul carefully, lest you forget the things your eyes saw, and lest these things depart your heart all the days of your life. And you shall make them known to your children, and to your children’s children. † Deuteronomy 4:9. (USHMM) Were the experiments that the Nazi’s conducted on the Jew’s beneficial or detrimental to the advancement of science? I think to understand the question we must understand the why, of the situation. For example Dr. Fritz Klein’s response to Dr. Ella Lingens-Reiner when she asked, â€Å"How can you reconcile that (the ash coming from the chimneys) with your oath as a doctor? His answer was, â€Å"Of course I am a doctor and I want to preserve life. And out of respect for human life, I would remove a gangrenous appendix from a diseased body. The Jew is the gangrenous appendix in the body of mankind. †(Lifton 12) Reichsfuhre Josef Mengle was known as the â€Å"Angel of Deathà ¢â‚¬ . Mengle’s area of expertise was genetics and twins. He wrote his medical dissertation on how the structure of the lower jaw differed between the races. The twins he kept as pets, isolating them from the rest of the camp, giving them treats of candy and clothes, bribing them for before he would perform horrific experiments on them. The twins would endure daily blood draws and injections in the eye in hopes that he (Mengle) would be able to change their eye color. He even went so far as to sew a set of twins together to see if he could create â€Å"Siamese twins†. On Mengle’s orders, children suffering from noma were put to death in order for pathology investigations to be carried out. Organs and even complete heads of children were preserved and sent in jars to institutions including the Medical Academy in Graz, Austria. (Bard 1) More often than not, there was no real medical knowledge gained from any of his experiments. Sigmund Rascher however focus ed his experiments on high altitude sickness and hypothermia on Dachau camp prisoners. (Harvard) The experiments of high altitude were meant to push the limits of human endurance and existence. Prisoners were often placed in a low pressure chamber and the pressure was raised within. Most died, some did not. The hypothermia experiments were also meant to test the strength of the human body. The purpose behind these experiments, were to find the most effective way to re-warm a person who had been exposed to freezing temperatures. Bard 1) Carl Clauberg also had Auschwitz prisoners at his disposal; he injected chemical substances into women’s uterus’ and ovaries to find a â€Å"cheap and effective method of sterilization†. Herta Oberheuser, killed children with oil and evipan injections. Her â€Å"research† (and I use that term loosely) focused on deliberately inflicting wounds on prisoners, to simulate the combat wounds of German soldiers. Oberheuser would r ub wood, rusty nails, slivers of glass, dirt and sawdust into the wounds of prisoners. (Bard 1) Karl Brandt preformed Sulfanilamide experiments at Ravensbrueck between July 1942 September 1943. These experiments were conducted for the benefit of the German soldiers. These experiments were to test the effectiveness of sulfanilamide and other drugs as treatments for infected wounds. (Sulfa drug testing was also going on in other parts of the world). Brant was also instrument in the study on bone, muscle, nerve regeneration, and bone transplant experiments. These also were preformed on inmates at the Ravensbrueck camp. (Harvard) The pro and cons of Germany’s bio-medical vision. The experiments that the Nazi’s preformed on the Jew’s were varied. But how has these crimes committed against man benefited or hurt the advancement of medicine. But what we have to understand is that science is amoral. (Orac 1) It is the people who use science, use it as a method, a tool for measuring things, it is these people whose morals the experiments reflect. For example a chainsaw is just that; a chainsaw, it has no notion of right or wrong, as a tool it can be used for evil or good. It is the person wielding the chainsaw one must worry about. The same can be said about the Nazi doctors, they were so focused on their Aryan bio-medical vision, they didn’t see the forest for the trees. However, they did produce some rather life altering inventions, such as: the electron microscope and they established the link between asbestos and lung cancer. â€Å"In addition Nazi Germany also forbid the use of the pesticide DDT on the grounds that it was a health hazard and instead used a german produced version known as cyclone-b. † (Kemp 1) â€Å"Also Nazi scientist were among the first in the world to warn of the dangers of radiation; asbestos, lead, cadmium, and mercury. † (Kemp 1) â€Å"Indeed German physicist and engineers developed what w as in essence the first cruise missile (V-1)† (Orac 1) In conclusion I believe that the Third Reich Regime did stumble upon some very amazing medical findings. However the results of the experiments are unreliable do to the poor health of the patients, in combination with their unhealthy living conditions. The information the scientific community has learned is invaluable. And while the experiments themselves remain un-reproducible, and the lives are un-replaceable, we as a society are armed with a knowledge that no one can take away. â€Å"Never shall I forget that night, the first night in camp, which has turned my life into one long night, seven times cursed and seven times sealed. Never shall I forget that smoke. Never shall I forget the little faces of the children, whose bodies I saw turned into wreaths of smoke beneath a silent blue sky. Never shall I forget those flames which consumed my faith forever. Never shall I forget that nocturnal silence which deprived m e, for all eternity, of the desire to live. Never shall I forget those moments which murdered my God and my soul and turned my dreams to dust. Never shall I forget these things, even if I am condemned to live as long as God Himself. Never. † (Wiesel 32)

The End Of The Peace Treaty - 1000 Words

Christ is saying when you see the abomination, which is halfway through the seven-year tribulation, if you live in Judea (Palestinian State), run to safety and don’t look back. It’s going to be very urgent. So, at the beginning of the peace treaty the people will think they have the answer, but after three and half years, the next event will be the beginning of the great tribulation. For the Jews, Jesus is warning them if they live in the Palestinian-occupied territories, to immediately flee for their lives. Under a sharing arrangement, we can envision we are entering a time that is near what the Bible reveals as the seven years leading up to the final war. Jesus declares in Matthew 24:21, â€Å"There will be great distress, unequaled from the†¦show more content†¦We read in Acts, â€Å"You will receive power to testify about me with great effect† (Acts 1:8). The great revivals of the past always produced intensive evangelism, and they always will. SHOULD BELIEVERS STORE FOOD? Jesus advises His disciples in Matthew, chapter 5: â€Å"So don’t worry at all about having enough food and clothing. Why be like the heathen? For they take pride in all these things and are deeply concerned about them. But your heavenly Father already knows perfectly well that you need them, and he will give them to you if you give him first place in your life and live as he wants you to† (Matthew 5:33). Other examples in Scripture include the story of Joseph in Egypt, who is a shadow of Jesus, and the manna that God provided for food for the Israelites in the wilderness. Jesus will also provide for His children in times of wildernesses. I believe an obsession of storing is wrong. Christ’s final words to His disciples while on Earth were, â€Å"Therefore, go and make disciples of all the nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and the Son and the Holy Spirit† (Matthew 28:19). Jesus gives us signs of His return. There will be wars and rumor of wars, yet the end is not here. This is only the begin ning. Like giving birth, pains come every little bit. They will get closer together. Wars will come and go, yet believers are to focus on the coming birth and not on the pains. There will be famines and earthquakes. Keep one eye on Israel and the Messianic

Cloud Computing Security issues and solutions

Question: Discuss about the Cloud Computing Security issues and solutions. Answer: Introduction Cloud Computing is defined as an on-demand service model, which is used for IT provisioning, that is mainly dependent on virtualization as well as on distributed technologies of the computer (Aroraet al.2013).The architecture of cloud computing includes high abstracted resources, programmatic management, shared resources and near instant flexibility as well as scalability. Cloud computing is utilized by the various business organization for maintaining focus on the business, for achieving agility, for reducing total capital expenditures as well as for getting proper staffing efficiency. Problem Statement The business organization faces many challenges due to the use of cloud computing.The problem that the business organizations are facing due to the use of cloud computing is the security issue which mainly occurs due to improper data protection, malicious insider, insecure or incomplete data deletion, improper interface management and due to loss of governance.It is quite important for the business organization to resolve the issues for achieving success. Motivation of the work The main aim of this assignment is to introduce the various risk of cloud computing in context with a business organization. The risks are highlighted in order to resolve the issues which are associated with the cloud computing. The analysis helps in identifying different types of security issues, which needs to be resolved effectively for achieving the objectives as well as goals of the organization. Importance of work Cloud computing is adopted by most of the organization nowadays due to its numerous advantages. The most significant advantage that the business organization achieves by using cloud computing is cost saving (Whaiduzzamanet al.2014).Cloud computing also helps in enhancing the flexibility as well as scalability of the organization. It also assists in bringing proper collaboration in the business environment for communicating as well as sharing data and information. Related Work: Summary of existing solutions There are a number of solutions that are illustrated in order to resolve the issues, which are associated with the organization. It is quite important to identify various data as well as processing operations, which will be passed to Cloud. For each type of processing, the customer should establish the type of data by differentiating them based on personal data, sensitive data, strategic data as well as data, which is utilized for various business applications (Garg, Versteeg and Buyya 2013).The organization must define all their legal as well as technical requirements. The requirements should contain various legal constraints, practical constraints as well as technical constraints. It is very much important to have proper risk analysis for identifying different measures, which are important for the organization (Weiet al.2014).It is also important to identify the various type of cloud for achieving planned processing. Drawbacks of the solutions The illustrated solution does not help in resolving all the issues effectively. The solutions have some drawbacks, which include: Security and Privacy:The solutions provided are not enough for resolving the issues effectively. Security, as well as a privacy issue, remains in the business organization that works with cloud computing (Hashemet al.2015).This is mainly due to the fact a remote cloud infrastructure helps in outsourcing everything it has. Vulnerability to attack:In cloud computing, each of the elements can be accessed from the internet and as a result, nothing that is connected with the internet is safe (Rittinghouse and Ransome 2016).The solutions provided are also not effective in resolving the vulnerable attacks, which are associated with the business organization in context with, cloud computing. Limited control and flexibility:It is identified that there is limited control over the different functions as well as the execution of hosting infrastructures inside cloud infrastructures. Cloud provider, as well as various management policies, might be helpful in imposing deployments of the customers (Whaiduzzamanet al.2014).The solutions are not proper for resolving the issue, which is related to the flexibility of the business organization. New Solution As discussed in the literature review, security, control, and vulnerability are the main concerns of cloud computing and also there is no proper solution for it. So according to my opinion following are some steps that should be followed to solve these issues: Security models:(Al-Anzi, Yadav Soni (2014)).Because of the dynamic nature of Cloud computing, its Security requirement varies continuously from its traditional environment and ownership by the customer. Security Policies:It includes risk management, security governance as well as compliance. The initial responsibility of any organization is to identify its control structure so that needed security steps can be taken. People and identity management:It includes right of access to data only by authorized member i.e. no access to data should be granted to any unauthorized user or member. Application security:It includes XML encryption as it is very necessary to protect the data from XML attacks. Information Security:I.S is one of the major concerns of cloud computing, therefore proper detection and security systems must be developed so as to secure the information from any external source. Physical infrastructure:It includes biometric security and computer access control system which is also known as CAS. Auditing Auditing means to ensure the integrity of outsourced data and also to save customers time and burden of online processing. In 2014,RewadkarandHatagedevelop a third party application for auditing known as TPA. This application will automatically check the correctness and integrity of the outsourced data whenever it receives a verification request from the customer. Policies Policies refer to the set of rules that are to be followed across the organization to ensure its security targets. The main thing that should be taken care while creating a policy is that the service provider must be aware of the policy. Organizations managing team can also take the help of cloud service provider in deciding the security policies as CSP already known the policies of various other customers so he can guide the managers or policy makers to make the effective decisions. But it will be wiser if the management or customers make their own policies by themselves only as per their needs. See Cloud It is an identity-based security protocol. This protocol works according to the following steps: First of all, SIO (System initialization Operator) generate some system parameters. After the parameters are generated successful, SIO chooses two random parameters, one for the master key and other for the public key. The user connected to the cloud needs to register himself as authorized user by providing unique identification details. After the user has registered successfully, he needs to send a request to the service provider to get the necessary storage for storing the data and then the CSP allocates the storage. It also ensure the auditing process as user needs to sign everystorage or transmission block in order to be an authorized user. After the completion of these steps, CSP verifies the results so as to confirm the successful transmission of data. See cloud also offered a feature to allow an organization be set as trusted. Once the organization is set as trusted the data transmission process will be processed automatically. RAID Raid is the process of encryption that divides the data into different small blocks. These small blocks are then given to various service providers. Raid stands for Redundant Array of Independent Disks. Its main advantage is that it increases the availability, redundancy and fault tolerance of the data. An example of Raid system is if data B has to be stored on the cloud then, first of all, it will be encrypted and splits onto small block named B1, B2, B3, and so on. After this division, these blocks are given to service providers for storage. Biometrics It is one of the biggest reasons for the success on the client side. If in case a clients server is hacked, the whole data is in very critical situation. So Biometrics is the must applied technology for the data security as it will provide access to only the authorized users by using electric system behavior. Self-destruction The main motive of applying the concept of self-destruction of data is to give control of the data to the user even if the user is not controlling the server where the data is stored. It will also help in controlling the loss of highly sensitive data. This solution is very helpful in case of temporary sensitive data (Xiong et al., 2014). Evaluation and Comparison It is clear that we have discussed a lot about the CCs security concerns and also their solutions. But the question that arises is whether the new solution is better than the current ones? In order to answer this evaluation of the solution among the current solution is required. This part includes the evaluation of the new solution and also its comparison with the current solution. As we have discussed the steps of the new solution that must be followed to resolve the concerns regarding cloud computing. Following are the advantages or benefits of the new solution. Advantages of new solution: Better security: As in the literature review part, we have studied that the access control, privacy and security are the three major concerns of the cloud computing. In view of this, the new solution has been generated, which resolve all these mentioned issue. Improved methods: It contains new improved algorithms and techniques as compared to the old solution. Better control: As the new solution provides features of auditing and self-destruction of data, it gives most of the control of the data to the user. User can easily self-destruct the sensitive information which results in better security. Practical solutions: Current solutions only contains theoretical solutions while the new solution deals with all the practical solutions which include auditing applications, Biometric securities etc. Easy to implement: The new solution is very easy to implement. Nowadays most of the organizations are using the Biometric security for their staff attendance. So it will be easy for them to use the same for the cloud security. Flexibility: The new solution is very flexible in nature. It provides the flexibility for avoiding the server crashes in case of high traffic because of large no. of users by scaling up the cloud solution. But in case of high scalability, cost factor increases so for this, it provides the feature of scaling back down when the traffic is lowered so as to reduce the cost. High availability: The applications that are used in the new solution comes with built-in redundancies so as to ensure that they are available for the users all the time. Moreover the solution includes live monitoring which leads to the better support by the service providers. Reliable: As the new solution involves the use of trusted third party applications, so the users can easily rely on these applications for the security of their data. It means that the users can use the cloud computing promptly and in a very efficient manner. Easy backup and recovery: It contains various steps for the easy backup of the users data. Real time security: As the data before stored into the cloud is encrypted first, it will lead to better security of data which results in minimizing the risk to the important data or assets. Manageability: As the users have control over their data so they can easily manage and change their data as per their requirements. Universally applicable: It means that the new solution can be applied to any of the cloud models. There is no need to adopt different security solutions for different deployment models. Following are the comparisons between the new and the old solutions. New Solution Old solutions This can be applied to all cloud deployment models. It contains the different solution for different deployment models. Greater security Less security The only limitation is high cost. Cheaper as compared to the new solution. Very less drawbacks Security, privacy and vulnerability issues are still not resolved. The user has total control over the data. Very less control. Easy implement. Hard to implement More reliable Less reliable Practical solutions Theoretical solutions. Highly flexible Less flexible It is clear that if we compare new solution with the old solutions, the new solution is far better than the current ones. But as we know nothing comes with full perfection. So there are some drawbacks for the new solution that are as follows: Drawbacks of New Solution: Cost:Cost is a major drawback of the new solution as it is not possible for every user to invest in expensive security systems.. Hardware and software integrity issues: If we analyze the solution properly, it seems that the solution focuses only on the security and privacy concern. But if we talk about integrity, it only deals with data integrity whereas there are various other sub areas of integrity which do not exist in the solution. These sub-areas are Software integrity and hardware integrity. These issues should be deeply searched. Vendor Lock-in: It is very difficult for the organizations to migrate their services from one vendor to other. Although the new solution provide flexibility and integrity of the data but the feature of switching cloud servers is still not evolved. Limited control over infrastructure: Customers can only have control over the applications and the services given by the server, but the entire infrastructure is only under the control of the service provider. So the users are unable to perform key administrative tasks. Virtualization: There is no relevant research for the problem of virtualization in the new solution. It includes cyber-attacks, data isolation and leakage of data. Short term Solution: As we know that cloud computing is changing very rapidly. So the new purposed solution is not efficient to use for a long term. Further new solutions must be adopted as per the change in Cloud computing. Conclusion This report includes the deep research of the cloud computing. Its motive is to find the biggest security concerns and the relevant solutions to resolve these concerns. I have gone through 52 cloud computing articles and selected 26 which were seemed relevant to search the major issues and their required solutions. But as cloud computing is a very vast concept so there are still various issued to be resolved References Arora, R., Parashar, A. and Transforming, C.C.I., 2013. Secure user data in cloud computing using encryption algorithms.International journal of engineering research and applications,3(4), pp.1922-1926. Garg, S.K., Versteeg, S. and Buyya, R., 2013. A framework for ranking of cloud computing services.Future Generation Computer Systems,29(4), pp.1012-1023. Hashem, I.A.T., Yaqoob, I., Anuar, N.B., Mokhtar, S., Gani, A. and Khan, S.U., 2015. The rise of big data on cloud computing: Review and open research issues.Information Systems,47, pp.98-115 Rittinghouse, J.W. and Ransome, J.F., 2016.Cloud computing: implementation, management, and security. CRC pres Wei, L., Zhu, H., Cao, Z., Dong, X., Jia, W., Chen, Y. and Vasilakos, A.V., 2014. Security and privacy for storage and computation in cloud computing.Information Sciences,258, pp.371-386. Whaiduzzaman, M., Sookhak, M., Gani, A. and Buyya, R., 2014. A survey on vehicular cloud computing.Journal of Network and Computer Applications,40 (pp.325-344). Behl, A., Behl, K. (2012). An analysis of cloud computing security issues. In 2012 World Congress on Information and Communication Technologies (WICT) (pp. 109114). Al-Anzi, F. S., Salman, A. A., Jacob, N. K., Soni, J. (2014). Towards robust, scalable and secure network storage in Cloud Computing. In 2014 Fourth International Conference on Digital Information and Communication Technology and its Applications (DICTAP) (pp. 5155). Al-Anzi, F. S., Yadav, S. K., Soni, J. (2014). Cloud computing: Security model comprising governance, risk management and compliance. In 2014 International Conference on Data Mining and Intelligent Computing (ICDMIC) (pp. 16).

The Euro Essays - Foreign Exchange Market, Monetary Hegemony

The Euro In Europe, the debut of the euro is widely hailed as the most important event affecting the international monetary landscape since the breakup of the Bretton Woods System in 1971 to 1973, or since the Bretton Woods Agreement in 1944, or maybe even since the founding of the Federal Reserve System in 1913. It has become a contest for European officials and commentators to see who can push the analogy back furthest in time. Eminences elsewhere in the world have similarly greeted the euro with high hopes and great expectations. Only in the United States has the euro been greeted with a yawn. It is not hard to see why. So far, its advent has not weakened the international financial position of the dollar; if anything the opposite has been true. The dollar has been strong against the euro rather than weak; for much of last autumn the fear was that the euro, which had started out being worth well more than a dollar, might plunge through the dreaded psychological barrier of one to one. There has been no sign of Asian and Latin American central banks replacing their dollars with euros en masse, as prominent commentators had predicted. The United States has not had to change the way it does business at Group of Seven summits, the OECD, or the IMF. Many Americans thus cannot help but feel that the euro is a tempest in a teapot. The Euro's Slow Start Perhaps Asian and Latin American central banks have been waiting to dump their dollars until the euro stabilizes. Through much of 1999 the euro was weak because the European economy was weak; governments and private investors were understandably reluctant to overweight a currency that seemed to be losing value by the day. Investors were slow to move into euros because they thought that Europe was less well prepared than the United States for Y2K. They worried about the stability of the European banking system because European banks had lent much more aggressively than their American counterparts to Indonesia, Korea, Malaysia and Thailand. But now that European growth is finally accelerating, the euro could strengthen, and the anticipated shift into euros at last could get under way. Perhaps governments and investors have been reluctant to embrace the euro because of a series of missteps by the European Central Bank. In the early months of 1999, ECB officials issued a series of confusing and contradictory statements, and on several occasions the ECB board's decision on whether or not to raise interest rates leaked to the press in advance of the official announcement. In April the ECB cut interest rates faster than most market participants thought wise in response to signs of weakness in the European economy. Now that the ECB has apparently concluded that less is more (by issuing fewer public statements and moving interest rates less frequently) and has begun to demonstrate the priority it attaches to price stability, skepticism about its ability to act as the steward of a strong currency may be about to fade. Learning to Think European And perhaps it is simply taking time for Europe to learn to speak with one monetary voice. It is understandable that an extended process of acculturation should be required in order for the national central bank governors on the ECB board to learn to think and talk as representatives of Europe and to frame policy with Europe-wide conditions in mind. Similarly, not until well into 1999 was real progress made on reorganizing European representation at G-7, G-10 and OECD meetings. Europe, unlike the United States, has not been able to effectively represent its views on how best to reform the international financial architecture because it is still creating mechanisms for conveying its views and, more importantly, forming those views. Given time, however, this will change. With time, the euro will significantly alter the international monetary and financial landscape. Europe's new money will develop into a serious rival to the dollar as a reserve currency for central banks, an invoicing currency for importers and exporters, and a financial asset for international investors. But this will take more time than suggested even by many euro-skeptics. Because changes in the international monetary and

Quotes From Ayn Rands Atlas Shrugged

Quotes From Ayn Rand's Atlas Shrugged Atlas Shrugged, by Ayn Rand, is a philosophical novel. The theme (according to Rand) is  the role of mans mind in existence. Published in 1957, its a dystopian novel, centering around Dagny Taggart. Here are popular quotes from the novel. It was the joy of admiration and of ones own ability, growing together.-Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged, Part 1, Ch. 3 He was a man who had never accepted the creed that others had the right to stop him.-Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged, Part 1, Ch. 3 Against whom is any union organized?-Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged, Part 1, Ch. 4 This was reality, she thought, this sense of clear outlines, of purpose, of lightness, of hope.-Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged, Part 1, Ch. 4 If ones actions are honest, one does not need the predated confidence of others, only their rational perception.-Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged, Part 1, Ch. 6 I never believed that story. I thought by the time the sun was exhausted, men would find a substitute.-Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged, Part 1, Ch. 7 This was the great clarity of being beyond emotion, after the reward of having felt everything one could feel.-Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged, Part 1, Ch. 7 Now she was free for the simplest, most commonplace concerns of the moment, because nothing could be meaningless within her sight.-Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged, Part 1, Ch. 7 It was useless to argue, she thought, and to wonder about people who would neither refute an argument nor accept it.-Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged, Part 1, Ch. 7 Mr. Ward, what is it that the foulest bastards on earth denounce us for, among other things? Oh yes, for our motto of Business as usual. Well- business as usual, Mr. Ward!-Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged, Part 1, Ch. 7 Thought- he told himself quietly- is a weapon one uses in order to act... Thought is the tool by which one makes a choice... Thought sets ones purpose and the way to reach it.-Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged, Part 1, Ch. 7 It was the greatest sensation of existence: not to trust, but to know.-Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged, Part 1, Ch. 8 Dont ever get angry at a man for stating the truth.-Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged, Part 1, Ch. 10 He knew no weapons but to pay for what he wanted, to give value, to ask nothing of nature without trading his effort in return, to ask nothing of men without trading the product of his effort.-Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged, Part 1, Ch. 10 By the essence and nature of existence, contradictions cannot exist.-Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged, Part 1, Ch. 10 There might be some sort of justification for the savage societies in which a man had to expect that enemies could murder him at any moment and had to defend himself as best he could. But there can be no justification for a society in which a man is expected to manufacture the weapons for his own murderers.-Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged, Part 2, Ch. 1 Money is a tool of exchange, which cant exist unless there are goods produced and men able to produce them. Money is the material shape of the principle that men who wish to deal with one another must deal by trade and give value for value.-Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged, Part 2, Ch. 2 Wealth is the product of mans capacity to think.-Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged, Part 2, Ch. 2 There are no evil thoughts except one: the refusal to think.-Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged, Part 2, Ch. 2 Love is our response to our highest values - and can be nothing else.-Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged, Part 2, Ch. 4 Only the man who extols the purity of a love devoid of desire, is capable of the depravity of a desire devoid of love.-Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged, Part 2, Ch. 4 When one acts on pity against justice, it is the good whom one punishes for the sake of the evil; when one saves the guilty from suffering, it is the innocent whom one ​forces to suffer.-Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged, Part 2, Ch. 6 You do not have to depend on any material possessions, they depend on you, you create them, you own the one and only tool of production.-Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged, Part 2, Ch. 8 They told us that this plan would achieve a noble ideal. Well, how were we to know otherwise? Hadnt we heard it all our lives- from our parents and our schoolteachers and our ministers, and in every newspaper we ever read and every movie and every public speech?-Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged, Part 2, Ch. 10 She felt suddenly as if nothing existed beyond that circle, and she wondered at the joyous, proud comfort to be found in a sense of the finite, in the knowledge that the field of ones concern lay within the realm of ones sight.-Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 1 Whats wealth but the means of expanding ones life? Theres two ways one can do it: either by producing more or by producing it faster.-Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 1 What greater wealth is there than to own your life and to spend it on growing? Every living thing must grow. It cant stand still. It must grow or perish.-Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 1 Any man whos afraid of hiring the best ability he can find, is a cheat whos in a business where he doesnt belong.-Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 1 I swear by my life and my love of it that I will never live for the sake of another man, nor ask another man to live for mine.-Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 1 Through all the centuries of the worship of the mindless, whatever stagnation humanity chose to endure, whatever brutality to practice–it was only by the grace of the men who perceived that wheat must have water in order to grow, that stones laid in a curve will form an arch, that two and two make four, that love is not served by torture and life is not fed by destruction–only by the grace of those men did the rest of them learn to experience moments when they caught the spark of being human.-Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 1 When nothing seems worth the effort–said some stern voice in her mind–its a screen to hide a wish thats worth too much; what do you want?-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 2 Theres only one passion in most artists more violent than their desire for admiration: their fear of identifying the nature of such admiration as they do receive.-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 2 Whether its a symphony or a  coal mine, all work is an act of creating and comes from the same source: from an inviolate capacity to see through ones own eyes–which means: the capacity to perform a rational identification–which means: the capacity to see, to connect and to make what had not been seen, connected and made before.-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 2 Every man builds his world in his own image... He has the power to choose, but no power to escape the necessity of choice.-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 2 No ones happiness but my own is in my power to achieve or to destroy.-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 2 If you are not convinced, ignore our certainty. Dont be tempted to substitute our judgment for your own.-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 2 She was seeing the brand of pain and fear on the faces of people, and the look of evasion that refuses to know it–they seemed to be going through the motions of some enormous pretense, acting out a ritual to ward off reality, letting the earth remain unseen and their lives unlived, in dread of something namelessly forbidden–yet the forbidden was the simple act of looking at the nature of their pain and questioning their duty to bear it.-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 2 People think that a liar gains a victory over his victim. What Ive learned is that a lie is an act of self-abdication, because one surrenders ones reality to the person to whom one lies, making that person ones master, comdemning oneself from then on to faking the sort of reality that persons view requires to be faked.-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 2 You dont have to see through the eyes of others, hold onto yours, stand on your own judgment, you know that what is, is–say it aloud, like the holiest of prayers, and dont let anyone tell you otherwise.-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 4 The only guilt of the victims, he thought, had been that they accepted it as guilt.-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 5 It was a sense of extreme precision and of relaxation, together, a sense of action without strain, which seemed inexplicably youthful–until he realized that this was the way he had acted and had expected always to act, in his youth and what he now felt was like the simple, astonished question: Why should one ever have to act in any other manner?-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 6 From the first catch-phrases flung at a child to the last, it is like a series of shocks to freeze his motor, to undercut the power of his consciousness. Dont ask so many questions, children should be seen and not heard!–Who are you to think? Its so, because I say so!–Dont argue, obey!–Dont try to understand, believe!–Dont rebel, adjust!–Dont stand out, belong!–Dont struggle, compromise!–Your heart is more important than your mind!–Who are you to know? Your parents know best!–Who are you to know? Society knows best!–Who are you to know? The bureaucrats know best!–Who are you to object? All values are relative!–Who are you to want to escape a thugs bullet? Thats only a personal prejudice!-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 6 Man has no automatic code of survival. His particular distinction from all other living species is the necessity to act in the face of alternatives by means of volitional choice.-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 7 Man has to be a man–by choice; he has to hold his life as a value–by choice; he has to learn to sustain it–by choice; he has to discover the values it requires and practice his virtues by choice. A code of values accepted by choice is a code of morality.-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 7 By the grace of reality and the nature of life, man–every man–is an end in himself, he exists for his own sake, and the achievement of his own happiness is his highest moral purpose.-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 7 Truth is the recognition of reality; reason, mans only means of knowledge, is his only standard of truth.-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 7 Your mind is your only judge of truth–and if others  dissent  from your verdict, reality is the court of final appeal.-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 7 The moral is the chosen, not the forced; the understood, not the obeyed. The moral is the rational, and reason accepts no commandments.-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 7 Emotions are inherent in your nature, but their content is dictated by your mind. Your emotional capacity is an empty motor, and your values are the fuel with which your mind fills it.-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 7 The symbol of all relationships among such men, the moral symbol of respect for human beings, is the trader. We, who live by values, not by loot, are traders, both in matter and in spirit. A trader is a man who earns what he gets and does not give or take the undeserved.-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 7 Whoever, to whatever purpose or extent, initiates the use of force, is a killer acting on the premise of death in a manner wider than murder: the premise of destroying mans capacity to live.-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 7 A morality that holds need as a claim, holds emptiness–non-existence–as its standard of value; it rewards an absence, a defect: weakness, inability, incompetence, suffering, disease, disaster, the lack, the fault, the flaw–the zero.-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 7 To love is to value.-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 7 Love is the expression of ones values, the greatest reward you can earn for the moral qualities you have achieved in your character and person, the emotional price paid by one man for the joy he receives from the virtues of another.-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 7 Public welfare is the welfare of those who do not earn it; those who do, are entitled to no welfare.-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 7 The man who refuses to judge, who neither agrees nor disagrees, who declares that there are no absolutes and believes that he escapes responsibility, is the man responsible for all the blood that is now spilled in the world.-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 7 In any compromise between food and poison, it is only death that can win. In any compromise between good and evil, it is only evil that can profit.-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 7 Every form of causeless self-doubt, every feeling of inferiority and secret unworthiness is, in fact, mans hidden dread of his inability to deal with existence.-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 7 To fear to face an issue is to believe that the worst is true.-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 7 All property and all forms of wealth are produced by mans mind and labor.-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 7 The only proper functions of a government are: the police, to protect you from criminals; the army, to protect you from foreign invaders; and the courts, to protect your property and contracts from breach or fraud by others, to settle disputes by rational rules, according to objective law.-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 7 Every man is free to rise as far as hes able or willing, but its only the degree to which he thinks that determines the degree to which hell rise.-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 7 The evil of the world is made possible by nothing but the sanction you give it.-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 7 All life is a purposeful struggle, and your only choice is the choice of a goal.-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 7 Fight for the value of your person. Fight for the virtue of your pride. Fight for the essence of that which is man: for his sovereign rational mind. Fight with the radiant certainty and the absolute rectitude of knowing that yours is the Morality of Life and that yours is the battle for any achievement, any value, any grandeur, any goodness, any joy that has ever existed on this earth.-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 7 When you force a man to act against his own choice and judgment, its his thinking that you want him to suspend.-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 7