Levy Patrick Mwanawasa - President of Zambia 2002-2008

Toll Patrick Mwanawasa - President of Zambia 2002-2008 Conceived: 3 September 1948 - Mufulira, Northern Rhodesia (presently Zambia)Died: 19 August 2008 - Paris, France Early LifeLevy Patrick Mwanawasa was conceived in Mufulira, in Zambias Copperbelt locale, some portion of the little ethnic gathering, the Lenje. He was taught at Chilwa Secondary School, in Ndola region, and went to peruse law at University of Zambia (Lusaka) in 1970. He graduated with a Bachelor of Law degree in 1973. Mwanawasa began his vocation as a partner in law office in Ndola in 1974, he qualified for the bar in 1975, and shaped his own law organization, Mwanawasa and Co., in 1978. In 1982 he was named Vice-administrator of Law Association of Zambia and somewhere in the range of 1985 and 86 was the Zambian Solicitor-General. In 1989 he effectively safeguarded previous VP Lieutenant General Christon Tembo and others accused of plotting an upset against then president Kenneth Kaunda. Beginning of a Political CareerWhen Zambian president Kenneth Kaunda (United National Independence Party, UNIP) endorsed formation of resistance groups in December 1990, Levey Mwanawasa joined the recently made Movement for Multiparty Democracy (MMD) under the initiative of Fredrick Chiluba. Presidential decisions in October 1991 were won by Frederick Chiluba who got to work (as Zambias second president) on 2 November 1991. Mwanawasa turned into an individual from National Assembly for Ndola body electorate and was delegated VP and pioneer of the Assembly by President Chiluba. Mwanawasa was genuinely harmed in an auto collision in South Africa in December 1991 (his helper passed on at the site) and was hospitalized for an all-encompassing period. He built up a discourse hindrance accordingly. Disappointed with Chilubas GovernmentIn 1994 Mwanawasa surrendered as VP claming the post was progressively unimportant (on the grounds that he was over and again sidelined by chiluba) and that his respectability had been placed in question after a contention with Micheal Sata, serve without portfolio (viably the bureau master) in the MMD government. Sata would later test Mwanawasa for the administration. Mwanawasa openly blamed Chilubas government for endemic debasement and financial unreliability, and left to devot his opportunity to his old legitimate practice. In 1996 Levy Mwanawasa remained against Chiluba for the administration of the MMD yet was thoroughly vanquished. Be that as it may, his political yearnings were not wrapped up. At the point when Chilubas endeavor to change Zambias constitution to permit hey a third term in office fizzled, Mwanawasa moved to the bleeding edge by and by - he was embraced by the MMDs as their possibility for president. President MwanawasaMwanawasa accomplished just a limited triumph in the December 2001 political race, in spite of the fact that his survey consequence of 28.69% votes cast was adequate to win him the administration on a first-past-the-post framework. His closest opponent, out of ten different competitors, Anderson Mazoka got 26.76%. Political race result was tested by his adversaries (particularly by Mazokas party who asserted they had in actuality won). Mwanawasa was sworn into office on 2 January 2002. Mwanawasa and the MMD did not have a general larger part in the National Assembly - because of voter doubt of a gathering Chiluba had brought into unsavoriness, from Chilubas endeavor to clutch power, and in light of the fact that Mwanawasa was viewed as a Chiluba manikin (Chiluba held the post of MMD party president). In any case, Mwanawasa moved rapidly to remove himself from Chiluba, beginning an escalated battle against the debasement which had tormented the MMD. (Mwanawasa additionally canceled the Ministry of Defense and assumed control over the portfolio expressly, resigning 10 senior military officials all the while.) Chiluba surrendered administration of the MMD in March 2002, and under Mwanawasas direction the National Assembly casted a ballot to evacuate the previous presidents resistance to arraignment (he was captured in February 2003). Mwanawasa vanquished a comparative endeavor to denounce him in August 2003. Sick HealthConcerns over Mwanawasas wellbeing emerged after he endured a stroke in April 2006, however he recuperated enough to stand by and by in presidential decisions winning with 43% of the vote. His closest rival, Michael Sata of the Patriotic Front (PF) got 29% of the vote. Sata regularly guaranteed casting a ballot abnormalities. Mwanawasa endured a second stroke in October 2006. On 29 June 2008, hours before the beginning of an African Union culmination, Mwanawasa had a third stroke supposedly considerably more extreme than the past two. He was traveled to France for treatment. Gossipy tidbits about his demise before long circled, yet were excused by the legislature. Rupiah Banda (individual from the United National Independence Pary, UNIP), who had been VP during Mwanawasas second term, became acting president on 29 June 2008. On 19 August 2008, in medical clinic in Paris, Levy Patrick Mwanawasa passed on of inconveniences because of his prior stroke. He will be recognized as a political reformist, who made sure about obligation alleviation and drove Zambia through a time of monetary development (somewhat reinforced by the universal ascent in the cost of copper).

Gender Segregation In The Education System Research Paper

Sex Segregation In The Education System - Research Paper Example Single-sex tutoring has portrayed private schooling for a considerable length of time. In any case, the alteration of Title IX by the Department of Education in 2004 successfully considered state funded schools to seek after sexual orientation isolation either in whole schools or classes. In 2006, single sex schools were officially sanctioned and even impetuses accommodated government funded schools to change into single sex schools rather than simply giving single sex classes inside coeducation schools. The appearance and authorization of single sex schools was predominantly as a reaction to worries from specific areas of the general public that coeducation was advancing sexual orientation imbalance in instruction. A portion of the fundamental concerns incorporate the perception that coeducation schools were liable for training generalizations among young men and young ladies. A portion of these generalizations inc single-area that arithmetic and sciences are customarily for guys wh ile females are capable in murmur single-sex dialects. Subsequently, single-sex schools were quieted as an approach to permit young men and young ladies to seek after their inclinations without confronting generalizations (National Association for Single Sex Public Education, 2011). Kiselewich (2008) advocates for sexual orientation isolation in instruction on a different yet equivalent premise similarly as is acknowledged in sports. The proof set forward to help single-sex schools extrapolated from considers that are not legitimately identified with single-sex training. For example, points of interest given for single-sex tutoring were fundamentally drawn from concentrates on peer/good example impact. Hoxby’s (2000) class size examination discoveries showed that classes with greater part female understudies would be advised to execution in specific subjects. This is just in a roundabout way identified with single-sex training, and there is no proof that the effect on young m en might be equivalent to that of young ladies. Different contemplations that sponsored sexual orientation isolation expressed that young ladies were probably going to seek after male-ruled vocations on the off chance that they went to single-sex schools. The contention further expressed that ladies in single-sex universities sought after arithmetic and sciences on an a lot more prominent level than those in coeducation schools (Billger, 2006). The Counterproductive Nature of Gender Segregation in the Education System One of the clarifications with respect to why the advancement of sexual orientation isolation in the training framework is counterproductive is that it advances a similar sex generalizations it is said to address. There are a few angles through which this is seen starting with the request that by defenders of single-sex schools that such a framework places young ladies in a situation to deal with arithmetic and sciences. By doing this and by marking single-sex schools as offices where young ladies can seek after these regions of study, the discernment that such subjects are better and that young ladies can't exceed expectations in them is further strengthened.â

Dark Side of Science - Free Essay Example

â€Å"Only guard yourself and guard your soul carefully, lest you forget the things your eyes saw, and lest these things depart your heart all the days of your life. And you shall make them known to your children, and to your children’s children. † Deuteronomy 4:9. (USHMM) Were the experiments that the Nazi’s conducted on the Jew’s beneficial or detrimental to the advancement of science? I think to understand the question we must understand the why, of the situation. For example Dr. Fritz Klein’s response to Dr. Ella Lingens-Reiner when she asked, â€Å"How can you reconcile that (the ash coming from the chimneys) with your oath as a doctor? His answer was, â€Å"Of course I am a doctor and I want to preserve life. And out of respect for human life, I would remove a gangrenous appendix from a diseased body. The Jew is the gangrenous appendix in the body of mankind. †(Lifton 12) Reichsfuhre Josef Mengle was known as the â€Å"Angel of Deathà ¢â‚¬ . Mengle’s area of expertise was genetics and twins. He wrote his medical dissertation on how the structure of the lower jaw differed between the races. The twins he kept as pets, isolating them from the rest of the camp, giving them treats of candy and clothes, bribing them for before he would perform horrific experiments on them. The twins would endure daily blood draws and injections in the eye in hopes that he (Mengle) would be able to change their eye color. He even went so far as to sew a set of twins together to see if he could create â€Å"Siamese twins†. On Mengle’s orders, children suffering from noma were put to death in order for pathology investigations to be carried out. Organs and even complete heads of children were preserved and sent in jars to institutions including the Medical Academy in Graz, Austria. (Bard 1) More often than not, there was no real medical knowledge gained from any of his experiments. Sigmund Rascher however focus ed his experiments on high altitude sickness and hypothermia on Dachau camp prisoners. (Harvard) The experiments of high altitude were meant to push the limits of human endurance and existence. Prisoners were often placed in a low pressure chamber and the pressure was raised within. Most died, some did not. The hypothermia experiments were also meant to test the strength of the human body. The purpose behind these experiments, were to find the most effective way to re-warm a person who had been exposed to freezing temperatures. Bard 1) Carl Clauberg also had Auschwitz prisoners at his disposal; he injected chemical substances into women’s uterus’ and ovaries to find a â€Å"cheap and effective method of sterilization†. Herta Oberheuser, killed children with oil and evipan injections. Her â€Å"research† (and I use that term loosely) focused on deliberately inflicting wounds on prisoners, to simulate the combat wounds of German soldiers. Oberheuser would r ub wood, rusty nails, slivers of glass, dirt and sawdust into the wounds of prisoners. (Bard 1) Karl Brandt preformed Sulfanilamide experiments at Ravensbrueck between July 1942 September 1943. These experiments were conducted for the benefit of the German soldiers. These experiments were to test the effectiveness of sulfanilamide and other drugs as treatments for infected wounds. (Sulfa drug testing was also going on in other parts of the world). Brant was also instrument in the study on bone, muscle, nerve regeneration, and bone transplant experiments. These also were preformed on inmates at the Ravensbrueck camp. (Harvard) The pro and cons of Germany’s bio-medical vision. The experiments that the Nazi’s preformed on the Jew’s were varied. But how has these crimes committed against man benefited or hurt the advancement of medicine. But what we have to understand is that science is amoral. (Orac 1) It is the people who use science, use it as a method, a tool for measuring things, it is these people whose morals the experiments reflect. For example a chainsaw is just that; a chainsaw, it has no notion of right or wrong, as a tool it can be used for evil or good. It is the person wielding the chainsaw one must worry about. The same can be said about the Nazi doctors, they were so focused on their Aryan bio-medical vision, they didn’t see the forest for the trees. However, they did produce some rather life altering inventions, such as: the electron microscope and they established the link between asbestos and lung cancer. â€Å"In addition Nazi Germany also forbid the use of the pesticide DDT on the grounds that it was a health hazard and instead used a german produced version known as cyclone-b. † (Kemp 1) â€Å"Also Nazi scientist were among the first in the world to warn of the dangers of radiation; asbestos, lead, cadmium, and mercury. † (Kemp 1) â€Å"Indeed German physicist and engineers developed what w as in essence the first cruise missile (V-1)† (Orac 1) In conclusion I believe that the Third Reich Regime did stumble upon some very amazing medical findings. However the results of the experiments are unreliable do to the poor health of the patients, in combination with their unhealthy living conditions. The information the scientific community has learned is invaluable. And while the experiments themselves remain un-reproducible, and the lives are un-replaceable, we as a society are armed with a knowledge that no one can take away. â€Å"Never shall I forget that night, the first night in camp, which has turned my life into one long night, seven times cursed and seven times sealed. Never shall I forget that smoke. Never shall I forget the little faces of the children, whose bodies I saw turned into wreaths of smoke beneath a silent blue sky. Never shall I forget those flames which consumed my faith forever. Never shall I forget that nocturnal silence which deprived m e, for all eternity, of the desire to live. Never shall I forget those moments which murdered my God and my soul and turned my dreams to dust. Never shall I forget these things, even if I am condemned to live as long as God Himself. Never. † (Wiesel 32)

The End Of The Peace Treaty - 1000 Words

Christ is saying when you see the abomination, which is halfway through the seven-year tribulation, if you live in Judea (Palestinian State), run to safety and don’t look back. It’s going to be very urgent. So, at the beginning of the peace treaty the people will think they have the answer, but after three and half years, the next event will be the beginning of the great tribulation. For the Jews, Jesus is warning them if they live in the Palestinian-occupied territories, to immediately flee for their lives. Under a sharing arrangement, we can envision we are entering a time that is near what the Bible reveals as the seven years leading up to the final war. Jesus declares in Matthew 24:21, â€Å"There will be great distress, unequaled from the†¦show more content†¦We read in Acts, â€Å"You will receive power to testify about me with great effect† (Acts 1:8). The great revivals of the past always produced intensive evangelism, and they always will. SHOULD BELIEVERS STORE FOOD? Jesus advises His disciples in Matthew, chapter 5: â€Å"So don’t worry at all about having enough food and clothing. Why be like the heathen? For they take pride in all these things and are deeply concerned about them. But your heavenly Father already knows perfectly well that you need them, and he will give them to you if you give him first place in your life and live as he wants you to† (Matthew 5:33). Other examples in Scripture include the story of Joseph in Egypt, who is a shadow of Jesus, and the manna that God provided for food for the Israelites in the wilderness. Jesus will also provide for His children in times of wildernesses. I believe an obsession of storing is wrong. Christ’s final words to His disciples while on Earth were, â€Å"Therefore, go and make disciples of all the nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and the Son and the Holy Spirit† (Matthew 28:19). Jesus gives us signs of His return. There will be wars and rumor of wars, yet the end is not here. This is only the begin ning. Like giving birth, pains come every little bit. They will get closer together. Wars will come and go, yet believers are to focus on the coming birth and not on the pains. There will be famines and earthquakes. Keep one eye on Israel and the Messianic

Cloud Computing Security issues and solutions

Question: Discuss about the Cloud Computing Security issues and solutions. Answer: Introduction Cloud Computing is defined as an on-demand service model, which is used for IT provisioning, that is mainly dependent on virtualization as well as on distributed technologies of the computer (Aroraet al.2013).The architecture of cloud computing includes high abstracted resources, programmatic management, shared resources and near instant flexibility as well as scalability. Cloud computing is utilized by the various business organization for maintaining focus on the business, for achieving agility, for reducing total capital expenditures as well as for getting proper staffing efficiency. Problem Statement The business organization faces many challenges due to the use of cloud computing.The problem that the business organizations are facing due to the use of cloud computing is the security issue which mainly occurs due to improper data protection, malicious insider, insecure or incomplete data deletion, improper interface management and due to loss of governance.It is quite important for the business organization to resolve the issues for achieving success. Motivation of the work The main aim of this assignment is to introduce the various risk of cloud computing in context with a business organization. The risks are highlighted in order to resolve the issues which are associated with the cloud computing. The analysis helps in identifying different types of security issues, which needs to be resolved effectively for achieving the objectives as well as goals of the organization. Importance of work Cloud computing is adopted by most of the organization nowadays due to its numerous advantages. The most significant advantage that the business organization achieves by using cloud computing is cost saving (Whaiduzzamanet al.2014).Cloud computing also helps in enhancing the flexibility as well as scalability of the organization. It also assists in bringing proper collaboration in the business environment for communicating as well as sharing data and information. Related Work: Summary of existing solutions There are a number of solutions that are illustrated in order to resolve the issues, which are associated with the organization. It is quite important to identify various data as well as processing operations, which will be passed to Cloud. For each type of processing, the customer should establish the type of data by differentiating them based on personal data, sensitive data, strategic data as well as data, which is utilized for various business applications (Garg, Versteeg and Buyya 2013).The organization must define all their legal as well as technical requirements. The requirements should contain various legal constraints, practical constraints as well as technical constraints. It is very much important to have proper risk analysis for identifying different measures, which are important for the organization (Weiet al.2014).It is also important to identify the various type of cloud for achieving planned processing. Drawbacks of the solutions The illustrated solution does not help in resolving all the issues effectively. The solutions have some drawbacks, which include: Security and Privacy:The solutions provided are not enough for resolving the issues effectively. Security, as well as a privacy issue, remains in the business organization that works with cloud computing (Hashemet al.2015).This is mainly due to the fact a remote cloud infrastructure helps in outsourcing everything it has. Vulnerability to attack:In cloud computing, each of the elements can be accessed from the internet and as a result, nothing that is connected with the internet is safe (Rittinghouse and Ransome 2016).The solutions provided are also not effective in resolving the vulnerable attacks, which are associated with the business organization in context with, cloud computing. Limited control and flexibility:It is identified that there is limited control over the different functions as well as the execution of hosting infrastructures inside cloud infrastructures. Cloud provider, as well as various management policies, might be helpful in imposing deployments of the customers (Whaiduzzamanet al.2014).The solutions are not proper for resolving the issue, which is related to the flexibility of the business organization. New Solution As discussed in the literature review, security, control, and vulnerability are the main concerns of cloud computing and also there is no proper solution for it. So according to my opinion following are some steps that should be followed to solve these issues: Security models:(Al-Anzi, Yadav Soni (2014)).Because of the dynamic nature of Cloud computing, its Security requirement varies continuously from its traditional environment and ownership by the customer. Security Policies:It includes risk management, security governance as well as compliance. The initial responsibility of any organization is to identify its control structure so that needed security steps can be taken. People and identity management:It includes right of access to data only by authorized member i.e. no access to data should be granted to any unauthorized user or member. Application security:It includes XML encryption as it is very necessary to protect the data from XML attacks. Information Security:I.S is one of the major concerns of cloud computing, therefore proper detection and security systems must be developed so as to secure the information from any external source. Physical infrastructure:It includes biometric security and computer access control system which is also known as CAS. Auditing Auditing means to ensure the integrity of outsourced data and also to save customers time and burden of online processing. In 2014,RewadkarandHatagedevelop a third party application for auditing known as TPA. This application will automatically check the correctness and integrity of the outsourced data whenever it receives a verification request from the customer. Policies Policies refer to the set of rules that are to be followed across the organization to ensure its security targets. The main thing that should be taken care while creating a policy is that the service provider must be aware of the policy. Organizations managing team can also take the help of cloud service provider in deciding the security policies as CSP already known the policies of various other customers so he can guide the managers or policy makers to make the effective decisions. But it will be wiser if the management or customers make their own policies by themselves only as per their needs. See Cloud It is an identity-based security protocol. This protocol works according to the following steps: First of all, SIO (System initialization Operator) generate some system parameters. After the parameters are generated successful, SIO chooses two random parameters, one for the master key and other for the public key. The user connected to the cloud needs to register himself as authorized user by providing unique identification details. After the user has registered successfully, he needs to send a request to the service provider to get the necessary storage for storing the data and then the CSP allocates the storage. It also ensure the auditing process as user needs to sign everystorage or transmission block in order to be an authorized user. After the completion of these steps, CSP verifies the results so as to confirm the successful transmission of data. See cloud also offered a feature to allow an organization be set as trusted. Once the organization is set as trusted the data transmission process will be processed automatically. RAID Raid is the process of encryption that divides the data into different small blocks. These small blocks are then given to various service providers. Raid stands for Redundant Array of Independent Disks. Its main advantage is that it increases the availability, redundancy and fault tolerance of the data. An example of Raid system is if data B has to be stored on the cloud then, first of all, it will be encrypted and splits onto small block named B1, B2, B3, and so on. After this division, these blocks are given to service providers for storage. Biometrics It is one of the biggest reasons for the success on the client side. If in case a clients server is hacked, the whole data is in very critical situation. So Biometrics is the must applied technology for the data security as it will provide access to only the authorized users by using electric system behavior. Self-destruction The main motive of applying the concept of self-destruction of data is to give control of the data to the user even if the user is not controlling the server where the data is stored. It will also help in controlling the loss of highly sensitive data. This solution is very helpful in case of temporary sensitive data (Xiong et al., 2014). Evaluation and Comparison It is clear that we have discussed a lot about the CCs security concerns and also their solutions. But the question that arises is whether the new solution is better than the current ones? In order to answer this evaluation of the solution among the current solution is required. This part includes the evaluation of the new solution and also its comparison with the current solution. As we have discussed the steps of the new solution that must be followed to resolve the concerns regarding cloud computing. Following are the advantages or benefits of the new solution. Advantages of new solution: Better security: As in the literature review part, we have studied that the access control, privacy and security are the three major concerns of the cloud computing. In view of this, the new solution has been generated, which resolve all these mentioned issue. Improved methods: It contains new improved algorithms and techniques as compared to the old solution. Better control: As the new solution provides features of auditing and self-destruction of data, it gives most of the control of the data to the user. User can easily self-destruct the sensitive information which results in better security. Practical solutions: Current solutions only contains theoretical solutions while the new solution deals with all the practical solutions which include auditing applications, Biometric securities etc. Easy to implement: The new solution is very easy to implement. Nowadays most of the organizations are using the Biometric security for their staff attendance. So it will be easy for them to use the same for the cloud security. Flexibility: The new solution is very flexible in nature. It provides the flexibility for avoiding the server crashes in case of high traffic because of large no. of users by scaling up the cloud solution. But in case of high scalability, cost factor increases so for this, it provides the feature of scaling back down when the traffic is lowered so as to reduce the cost. High availability: The applications that are used in the new solution comes with built-in redundancies so as to ensure that they are available for the users all the time. Moreover the solution includes live monitoring which leads to the better support by the service providers. Reliable: As the new solution involves the use of trusted third party applications, so the users can easily rely on these applications for the security of their data. It means that the users can use the cloud computing promptly and in a very efficient manner. Easy backup and recovery: It contains various steps for the easy backup of the users data. Real time security: As the data before stored into the cloud is encrypted first, it will lead to better security of data which results in minimizing the risk to the important data or assets. Manageability: As the users have control over their data so they can easily manage and change their data as per their requirements. Universally applicable: It means that the new solution can be applied to any of the cloud models. There is no need to adopt different security solutions for different deployment models. Following are the comparisons between the new and the old solutions. New Solution Old solutions This can be applied to all cloud deployment models. It contains the different solution for different deployment models. Greater security Less security The only limitation is high cost. Cheaper as compared to the new solution. Very less drawbacks Security, privacy and vulnerability issues are still not resolved. The user has total control over the data. Very less control. Easy implement. Hard to implement More reliable Less reliable Practical solutions Theoretical solutions. Highly flexible Less flexible It is clear that if we compare new solution with the old solutions, the new solution is far better than the current ones. But as we know nothing comes with full perfection. So there are some drawbacks for the new solution that are as follows: Drawbacks of New Solution: Cost:Cost is a major drawback of the new solution as it is not possible for every user to invest in expensive security systems.. Hardware and software integrity issues: If we analyze the solution properly, it seems that the solution focuses only on the security and privacy concern. But if we talk about integrity, it only deals with data integrity whereas there are various other sub areas of integrity which do not exist in the solution. These sub-areas are Software integrity and hardware integrity. These issues should be deeply searched. Vendor Lock-in: It is very difficult for the organizations to migrate their services from one vendor to other. Although the new solution provide flexibility and integrity of the data but the feature of switching cloud servers is still not evolved. Limited control over infrastructure: Customers can only have control over the applications and the services given by the server, but the entire infrastructure is only under the control of the service provider. So the users are unable to perform key administrative tasks. Virtualization: There is no relevant research for the problem of virtualization in the new solution. It includes cyber-attacks, data isolation and leakage of data. Short term Solution: As we know that cloud computing is changing very rapidly. So the new purposed solution is not efficient to use for a long term. Further new solutions must be adopted as per the change in Cloud computing. Conclusion This report includes the deep research of the cloud computing. Its motive is to find the biggest security concerns and the relevant solutions to resolve these concerns. I have gone through 52 cloud computing articles and selected 26 which were seemed relevant to search the major issues and their required solutions. But as cloud computing is a very vast concept so there are still various issued to be resolved References Arora, R., Parashar, A. and Transforming, C.C.I., 2013. Secure user data in cloud computing using encryption algorithms.International journal of engineering research and applications,3(4), pp.1922-1926. Garg, S.K., Versteeg, S. and Buyya, R., 2013. A framework for ranking of cloud computing services.Future Generation Computer Systems,29(4), pp.1012-1023. Hashem, I.A.T., Yaqoob, I., Anuar, N.B., Mokhtar, S., Gani, A. and Khan, S.U., 2015. The rise of big data on cloud computing: Review and open research issues.Information Systems,47, pp.98-115 Rittinghouse, J.W. and Ransome, J.F., 2016.Cloud computing: implementation, management, and security. CRC pres Wei, L., Zhu, H., Cao, Z., Dong, X., Jia, W., Chen, Y. and Vasilakos, A.V., 2014. Security and privacy for storage and computation in cloud computing.Information Sciences,258, pp.371-386. Whaiduzzaman, M., Sookhak, M., Gani, A. and Buyya, R., 2014. A survey on vehicular cloud computing.Journal of Network and Computer Applications,40 (pp.325-344). Behl, A., Behl, K. (2012). An analysis of cloud computing security issues. In 2012 World Congress on Information and Communication Technologies (WICT) (pp. 109114). Al-Anzi, F. S., Salman, A. A., Jacob, N. K., Soni, J. (2014). Towards robust, scalable and secure network storage in Cloud Computing. In 2014 Fourth International Conference on Digital Information and Communication Technology and its Applications (DICTAP) (pp. 5155). Al-Anzi, F. S., Yadav, S. K., Soni, J. (2014). Cloud computing: Security model comprising governance, risk management and compliance. In 2014 International Conference on Data Mining and Intelligent Computing (ICDMIC) (pp. 16).

The Euro Essays - Foreign Exchange Market, Monetary Hegemony

The Euro In Europe, the debut of the euro is widely hailed as the most important event affecting the international monetary landscape since the breakup of the Bretton Woods System in 1971 to 1973, or since the Bretton Woods Agreement in 1944, or maybe even since the founding of the Federal Reserve System in 1913. It has become a contest for European officials and commentators to see who can push the analogy back furthest in time. Eminences elsewhere in the world have similarly greeted the euro with high hopes and great expectations. Only in the United States has the euro been greeted with a yawn. It is not hard to see why. So far, its advent has not weakened the international financial position of the dollar; if anything the opposite has been true. The dollar has been strong against the euro rather than weak; for much of last autumn the fear was that the euro, which had started out being worth well more than a dollar, might plunge through the dreaded psychological barrier of one to one. There has been no sign of Asian and Latin American central banks replacing their dollars with euros en masse, as prominent commentators had predicted. The United States has not had to change the way it does business at Group of Seven summits, the OECD, or the IMF. Many Americans thus cannot help but feel that the euro is a tempest in a teapot. The Euro's Slow Start Perhaps Asian and Latin American central banks have been waiting to dump their dollars until the euro stabilizes. Through much of 1999 the euro was weak because the European economy was weak; governments and private investors were understandably reluctant to overweight a currency that seemed to be losing value by the day. Investors were slow to move into euros because they thought that Europe was less well prepared than the United States for Y2K. They worried about the stability of the European banking system because European banks had lent much more aggressively than their American counterparts to Indonesia, Korea, Malaysia and Thailand. But now that European growth is finally accelerating, the euro could strengthen, and the anticipated shift into euros at last could get under way. Perhaps governments and investors have been reluctant to embrace the euro because of a series of missteps by the European Central Bank. In the early months of 1999, ECB officials issued a series of confusing and contradictory statements, and on several occasions the ECB board's decision on whether or not to raise interest rates leaked to the press in advance of the official announcement. In April the ECB cut interest rates faster than most market participants thought wise in response to signs of weakness in the European economy. Now that the ECB has apparently concluded that less is more (by issuing fewer public statements and moving interest rates less frequently) and has begun to demonstrate the priority it attaches to price stability, skepticism about its ability to act as the steward of a strong currency may be about to fade. Learning to Think European And perhaps it is simply taking time for Europe to learn to speak with one monetary voice. It is understandable that an extended process of acculturation should be required in order for the national central bank governors on the ECB board to learn to think and talk as representatives of Europe and to frame policy with Europe-wide conditions in mind. Similarly, not until well into 1999 was real progress made on reorganizing European representation at G-7, G-10 and OECD meetings. Europe, unlike the United States, has not been able to effectively represent its views on how best to reform the international financial architecture because it is still creating mechanisms for conveying its views and, more importantly, forming those views. Given time, however, this will change. With time, the euro will significantly alter the international monetary and financial landscape. Europe's new money will develop into a serious rival to the dollar as a reserve currency for central banks, an invoicing currency for importers and exporters, and a financial asset for international investors. But this will take more time than suggested even by many euro-skeptics. Because changes in the international monetary and

Quotes From Ayn Rands Atlas Shrugged

Quotes From Ayn Rand's Atlas Shrugged Atlas Shrugged, by Ayn Rand, is a philosophical novel. The theme (according to Rand) is  the role of mans mind in existence. Published in 1957, its a dystopian novel, centering around Dagny Taggart. Here are popular quotes from the novel. It was the joy of admiration and of ones own ability, growing together.-Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged, Part 1, Ch. 3 He was a man who had never accepted the creed that others had the right to stop him.-Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged, Part 1, Ch. 3 Against whom is any union organized?-Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged, Part 1, Ch. 4 This was reality, she thought, this sense of clear outlines, of purpose, of lightness, of hope.-Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged, Part 1, Ch. 4 If ones actions are honest, one does not need the predated confidence of others, only their rational perception.-Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged, Part 1, Ch. 6 I never believed that story. I thought by the time the sun was exhausted, men would find a substitute.-Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged, Part 1, Ch. 7 This was the great clarity of being beyond emotion, after the reward of having felt everything one could feel.-Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged, Part 1, Ch. 7 Now she was free for the simplest, most commonplace concerns of the moment, because nothing could be meaningless within her sight.-Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged, Part 1, Ch. 7 It was useless to argue, she thought, and to wonder about people who would neither refute an argument nor accept it.-Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged, Part 1, Ch. 7 Mr. Ward, what is it that the foulest bastards on earth denounce us for, among other things? Oh yes, for our motto of Business as usual. Well- business as usual, Mr. Ward!-Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged, Part 1, Ch. 7 Thought- he told himself quietly- is a weapon one uses in order to act... Thought is the tool by which one makes a choice... Thought sets ones purpose and the way to reach it.-Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged, Part 1, Ch. 7 It was the greatest sensation of existence: not to trust, but to know.-Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged, Part 1, Ch. 8 Dont ever get angry at a man for stating the truth.-Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged, Part 1, Ch. 10 He knew no weapons but to pay for what he wanted, to give value, to ask nothing of nature without trading his effort in return, to ask nothing of men without trading the product of his effort.-Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged, Part 1, Ch. 10 By the essence and nature of existence, contradictions cannot exist.-Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged, Part 1, Ch. 10 There might be some sort of justification for the savage societies in which a man had to expect that enemies could murder him at any moment and had to defend himself as best he could. But there can be no justification for a society in which a man is expected to manufacture the weapons for his own murderers.-Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged, Part 2, Ch. 1 Money is a tool of exchange, which cant exist unless there are goods produced and men able to produce them. Money is the material shape of the principle that men who wish to deal with one another must deal by trade and give value for value.-Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged, Part 2, Ch. 2 Wealth is the product of mans capacity to think.-Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged, Part 2, Ch. 2 There are no evil thoughts except one: the refusal to think.-Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged, Part 2, Ch. 2 Love is our response to our highest values - and can be nothing else.-Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged, Part 2, Ch. 4 Only the man who extols the purity of a love devoid of desire, is capable of the depravity of a desire devoid of love.-Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged, Part 2, Ch. 4 When one acts on pity against justice, it is the good whom one punishes for the sake of the evil; when one saves the guilty from suffering, it is the innocent whom one ​forces to suffer.-Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged, Part 2, Ch. 6 You do not have to depend on any material possessions, they depend on you, you create them, you own the one and only tool of production.-Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged, Part 2, Ch. 8 They told us that this plan would achieve a noble ideal. Well, how were we to know otherwise? Hadnt we heard it all our lives- from our parents and our schoolteachers and our ministers, and in every newspaper we ever read and every movie and every public speech?-Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged, Part 2, Ch. 10 She felt suddenly as if nothing existed beyond that circle, and she wondered at the joyous, proud comfort to be found in a sense of the finite, in the knowledge that the field of ones concern lay within the realm of ones sight.-Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 1 Whats wealth but the means of expanding ones life? Theres two ways one can do it: either by producing more or by producing it faster.-Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 1 What greater wealth is there than to own your life and to spend it on growing? Every living thing must grow. It cant stand still. It must grow or perish.-Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 1 Any man whos afraid of hiring the best ability he can find, is a cheat whos in a business where he doesnt belong.-Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 1 I swear by my life and my love of it that I will never live for the sake of another man, nor ask another man to live for mine.-Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 1 Through all the centuries of the worship of the mindless, whatever stagnation humanity chose to endure, whatever brutality to practice–it was only by the grace of the men who perceived that wheat must have water in order to grow, that stones laid in a curve will form an arch, that two and two make four, that love is not served by torture and life is not fed by destruction–only by the grace of those men did the rest of them learn to experience moments when they caught the spark of being human.-Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 1 When nothing seems worth the effort–said some stern voice in her mind–its a screen to hide a wish thats worth too much; what do you want?-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 2 Theres only one passion in most artists more violent than their desire for admiration: their fear of identifying the nature of such admiration as they do receive.-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 2 Whether its a symphony or a  coal mine, all work is an act of creating and comes from the same source: from an inviolate capacity to see through ones own eyes–which means: the capacity to perform a rational identification–which means: the capacity to see, to connect and to make what had not been seen, connected and made before.-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 2 Every man builds his world in his own image... He has the power to choose, but no power to escape the necessity of choice.-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 2 No ones happiness but my own is in my power to achieve or to destroy.-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 2 If you are not convinced, ignore our certainty. Dont be tempted to substitute our judgment for your own.-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 2 She was seeing the brand of pain and fear on the faces of people, and the look of evasion that refuses to know it–they seemed to be going through the motions of some enormous pretense, acting out a ritual to ward off reality, letting the earth remain unseen and their lives unlived, in dread of something namelessly forbidden–yet the forbidden was the simple act of looking at the nature of their pain and questioning their duty to bear it.-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 2 People think that a liar gains a victory over his victim. What Ive learned is that a lie is an act of self-abdication, because one surrenders ones reality to the person to whom one lies, making that person ones master, comdemning oneself from then on to faking the sort of reality that persons view requires to be faked.-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 2 You dont have to see through the eyes of others, hold onto yours, stand on your own judgment, you know that what is, is–say it aloud, like the holiest of prayers, and dont let anyone tell you otherwise.-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 4 The only guilt of the victims, he thought, had been that they accepted it as guilt.-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 5 It was a sense of extreme precision and of relaxation, together, a sense of action without strain, which seemed inexplicably youthful–until he realized that this was the way he had acted and had expected always to act, in his youth and what he now felt was like the simple, astonished question: Why should one ever have to act in any other manner?-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 6 From the first catch-phrases flung at a child to the last, it is like a series of shocks to freeze his motor, to undercut the power of his consciousness. Dont ask so many questions, children should be seen and not heard!–Who are you to think? Its so, because I say so!–Dont argue, obey!–Dont try to understand, believe!–Dont rebel, adjust!–Dont stand out, belong!–Dont struggle, compromise!–Your heart is more important than your mind!–Who are you to know? Your parents know best!–Who are you to know? Society knows best!–Who are you to know? The bureaucrats know best!–Who are you to object? All values are relative!–Who are you to want to escape a thugs bullet? Thats only a personal prejudice!-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 6 Man has no automatic code of survival. His particular distinction from all other living species is the necessity to act in the face of alternatives by means of volitional choice.-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 7 Man has to be a man–by choice; he has to hold his life as a value–by choice; he has to learn to sustain it–by choice; he has to discover the values it requires and practice his virtues by choice. A code of values accepted by choice is a code of morality.-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 7 By the grace of reality and the nature of life, man–every man–is an end in himself, he exists for his own sake, and the achievement of his own happiness is his highest moral purpose.-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 7 Truth is the recognition of reality; reason, mans only means of knowledge, is his only standard of truth.-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 7 Your mind is your only judge of truth–and if others  dissent  from your verdict, reality is the court of final appeal.-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 7 The moral is the chosen, not the forced; the understood, not the obeyed. The moral is the rational, and reason accepts no commandments.-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 7 Emotions are inherent in your nature, but their content is dictated by your mind. Your emotional capacity is an empty motor, and your values are the fuel with which your mind fills it.-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 7 The symbol of all relationships among such men, the moral symbol of respect for human beings, is the trader. We, who live by values, not by loot, are traders, both in matter and in spirit. A trader is a man who earns what he gets and does not give or take the undeserved.-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 7 Whoever, to whatever purpose or extent, initiates the use of force, is a killer acting on the premise of death in a manner wider than murder: the premise of destroying mans capacity to live.-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 7 A morality that holds need as a claim, holds emptiness–non-existence–as its standard of value; it rewards an absence, a defect: weakness, inability, incompetence, suffering, disease, disaster, the lack, the fault, the flaw–the zero.-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 7 To love is to value.-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 7 Love is the expression of ones values, the greatest reward you can earn for the moral qualities you have achieved in your character and person, the emotional price paid by one man for the joy he receives from the virtues of another.-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 7 Public welfare is the welfare of those who do not earn it; those who do, are entitled to no welfare.-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 7 The man who refuses to judge, who neither agrees nor disagrees, who declares that there are no absolutes and believes that he escapes responsibility, is the man responsible for all the blood that is now spilled in the world.-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 7 In any compromise between food and poison, it is only death that can win. In any compromise between good and evil, it is only evil that can profit.-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 7 Every form of causeless self-doubt, every feeling of inferiority and secret unworthiness is, in fact, mans hidden dread of his inability to deal with existence.-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 7 To fear to face an issue is to believe that the worst is true.-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 7 All property and all forms of wealth are produced by mans mind and labor.-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 7 The only proper functions of a government are: the police, to protect you from criminals; the army, to protect you from foreign invaders; and the courts, to protect your property and contracts from breach or fraud by others, to settle disputes by rational rules, according to objective law.-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 7 Every man is free to rise as far as hes able or willing, but its only the degree to which he thinks that determines the degree to which hell rise.-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 7 The evil of the world is made possible by nothing but the sanction you give it.-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 7 All life is a purposeful struggle, and your only choice is the choice of a goal.-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 7 Fight for the value of your person. Fight for the virtue of your pride. Fight for the essence of that which is man: for his sovereign rational mind. Fight with the radiant certainty and the absolute rectitude of knowing that yours is the Morality of Life and that yours is the battle for any achievement, any value, any grandeur, any goodness, any joy that has ever existed on this earth.-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 7 When you force a man to act against his own choice and judgment, its his thinking that you want him to suspend.-Ayn Rand,  Atlas Shrugged, Part 3, Ch. 7

Naturalized Epistemology Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Naturalized Epistemology - Term Paper Example This implies that ‘x’ is in such context or state that the possibility of ‘x’ being known is increased. Finally, third, the question of certainty, which is highlighted by the question by the question ‘how do I know that I know x? In the face of such questions, can it be hold that certainty is something that eludes humanity since the basis for the certainty of what people may claim to know is not stable and solid. In fact, some modern philosophers have asserted the supposition that maybe there is an evil demon that is playing a trick on us making people believe that x can be known when in fact, it is not. Nonetheless, what is vital in this scenario is that epistemology has been considered as humanity’s response to uncertainty as presented by the malum genie. In this sense, epistemology has become field that sought to eliminate uncertainty by providing the solid ground wherein one may claim with certainty that one has a knowledge of X. Is this que st of epistemology significant? Coming from a common perspective, the certainty of what we may claim to know is vital in the relationship with our claims regarding the world and the ensuing empirical claims, in which, scientific knowledge is claimed to be anchored. Unfortunately, epistemology is still in the process of discourse how can people justify what they claim they know even if the ultimate goal of epistemology is to provide the certainty that what proceeds from our claims about the world are in fact rooted in that experienced of the world. In this condition, Quine argues for the futility of the epistemological quest for certainty and affords a re-framing of epistemology, belief, justification and knowledge. In this regard, this paper have the following structure. The first part of the paper will deal with the arguments raise by Quine against the epistemological goal of certainty and his proposal regarding what ought to be done to epistemology. Meanwhile, the second part deal s with the criticisms against Quine’s position. The third part will be the exposition of the researcher’s view regarding the debate. Finally, the last section is the conclusion. Hopefully, in the end a clearer understanding of both sides is attained. On Quine Quine’s counter-arguments regarding achieving certainty through epistemology is grounded on the position that Arithmetic itself, which has long been considered as certain because of its deductive method has been proven to be incomplete by Godel’s Incompleteness Theorem (71). Creating a parallel argument, Quine claims that since arithmetic itself which is considered as certain because of the rigors of deduction has been proven to be incapable of being grounded or fully justified, how much more is epistemology whose knowledge claims are built on induction. This is a very important criticism against the certainty of epistemology which is grounded on induction and the â€Å"Humean Predicament† is the counter –arguments against induction. This asserts that no theory can be derived from mere observation. Primarily because there is no way that the validity of the observation is transferred to the theory derived from it. In the same sense, Quine is raising the argument that if arithmetic itself is something that cannot be validly deduced from the theorems themselves, which is already a close system, how much more are the epistemological claims made about the world. In this regard, both conceptual reduction and doctrinal reduction are

Management Of Pressure Ulcers Among Chronic Care Patients Dissertation

Management Of Pressure Ulcers Among Chronic Care Patients - Dissertation Example Continued pressure on one part of the body may cause these pressure ulcers to manifest; and with continued neglect and without any medical and/or nursing intervention, these pressure ulcers can progress to their more serious stages. With adequate and appropriate nursing management, these pressure ulcers can however be prevented and treated. This paper shall discuss the various nursing management methods for pressure ulcers among the adult chronic care patients. This paper shall consider the risk factors for pressure ulcers and the different stages of the progression of this medical problem. It shall discuss the specific nursing management measures which can be applied in order to prevent the appearance and the progression of pressure ulcers among adult chronic care patients. This paper is being carried out in order to establish clear standards in the management of pressure ulcers. This topic was chosen because of this student’s current involvement with adult care practice, wit h much attention given to chronic care patients and the different issues they experience as long-term patients. Much attention needs to be given again to chronic care because these are domains of nursing practice which often calls for the most hours spent by nurses. Pressure ulcers in this paper shall be defined as â€Å"a lesion caused by unrelieved pressure with damage to the underlying tissue† (Mauk, 2009, p. 501). Adult chronic care patients shall refer to adult patients, aged 18 years and above suffering from chronic conditions (prolonged period of time). These chronic conditions are diseases or medical conditions which often persist for prolonged periods; they include conditions like paralysis, fracture, coma, cancer, osteoarthritis, and spinal injury. With these considerations, this paper aims to establish the different methods of managing pressure ulcers among elderly chronic care patients. Specifically, it shall discuss the different ways of preventing the appearance of pressure ulcers among patients at risk for pressure ulcers. A review of studies in relation to the current topic shall be undertaken in different databases including the library catalogues, research indices, the internet, and similar databases such as Medline, CI NAHL, and the Royal College of Nursing. Library searches shall be carried out by using library catalogues and search databases. Books and journals, as well as news articles shall be reviewed with particular focus on the keywords: nursing management and pressure ulcers. Internet searches shall include database searches using keywords nursing management and pressure ulcers, pressure sores, and decubitus ulcers. Relevant materials shall be set aside for further review. Materials which shall be included in this review shall be studies published from January 2000 to January 2011. Those which discuss the nursing management of pressure ulcers or sores shall be considered for this research. The credibility of these authors as well as their publishers shall also be reviewed. Those which discuss pressure ulcers among the elderly shall also be included in this paper. These parameters shall help provide inclusion criteria for this study. Main body Pressure ulcers are serious medical issues invo lving vulnerable patients. According to the Ministry of Health or MOH (2001, p. 6), incidents of pressure ulcer register at a rate of 5% to 16% among in-patients. It is therefore important to prevent this condition in order to avoid its worsening and progression into deeper skin layers. These pressure ulcers are assessed and described at different stages. For the sake of

The Character of Uncle Tom Essay Example for Free

The Character of Uncle Tom Essay Harriet Beecher Stowe’s novel â€Å"Uncle Tom’s Cabin† made such a momentous statement in American culture, at the time it was published, until today, in the 21st century. Some secondary schools had the book banned from their roster of books in their libraries, mainly because of its supposedly controversial nature (The strength of ,2008). The reason why the book has been the root of much controversy is that Ms. Stowe injected a lot of melodrama into her story, to the point that readers considered it a caricature of reality. Some of Ms. Stowe’s detractors contend that she did not sufficiently show the real horror of slavery, but instead, narrating the softer aspect of slavery in her novel (The strength of ,2008). Published in the early 1850’s, Uncle Tom’s Cabin was said to have contributed to the tension in America over slavery, and encouraged the abolitionist movement (The strength of ,2008). Abolitionists are those who fought for the abolition of slavery in America. Ms. Stowe was said to be a woman who was involved in religious and feminist causes (The strength of ,2008). Ms. Stowe’s influence on the American northern states was undisputed. In fact, Uncle Tom’s Cabin was said to have led to Civil War (The strength of ,2008). It is often reported that Ms. Stowe’s purpose in writing the novel was to expose the evils of slavery in the North, where many Americans were not aware of what was actually going on in the rest of their country (The strength of ,2008). The book, amazingly successful by selling 300,000 copies in its first year, inspired President Lincoln, upon meeting Ms. Stowe, to say, â€Å"So this is the little lady who made this big war (The strength of ,2008). † Uncle Tom’s Cabin 4 Despite this, many historians complain that Ms. Stowe’s novel is historically inaccurate, and that Ms. Stowe grossfully exaggerated the evils in slavery so she can drive home her point. These issues remain largely debated, except for one. The character of Uncle Tom has been detrimentally re-created a hundred times over, and in this paper, I will explore the character behind â€Å"Uncle Tom†, and why it has become what it is in today’s times. Uncle Tom has been charged with demeaning African Americans with his overly subservient behavior (The strength of ,2008). Modern times have derided Uncle Tom, and insist that his nature undermines the real struggles of black freedom through ingratiating himself with their white overseers and master. Ironically, I believe that Ms. Stowe created Uncle Tom to illustrate the brutality and cruelty of slavery during those times, and packaging Uncle Tom into a person filled with humility, dignity and ingrained with a strong, Christian faith (Page, 1996). Up until he drew his dying breath, Uncle Tom showed to be morally superior to his white masters by his ability to forgive those who had abused him to the point of death (Page, 1996). Let me introduce you to Uncle Tom. He is one of the long-suffering slaves of Arthur and Emily Shelby, and a dear friend of their very young son, George, who called him Uncle Tom. Faced with the possibility of losing their farm because of debts, the Shelby’s decide to sell Tom, and the son of Mrs. Shelby’s maid, Harry. When the maid, Eliza, finds out about this, she escapes with her son (Allen, 2008). Tom was sold and while traveling on a riverboat, she rescues a white girl, Eva, when she falls into the river. Her father, Augustine St. Clare, bought Tom from the slave trader Uncle Tom’s Cabin 5 and took him to live on their plantation in New Orleans. Meanwhile, Eliza met up with her fugitive husband, George, in an attempt to reach Canada. At that time, they were being hunted by a slave trader named Loker, whom George eventually shoots in a scuffle. Eliza convinced George to bring the wounded Loker to a Quaker settlement nearby, for medical attention (Allen, 2008). In New Orleans, St. Clare tries to prove to his cousin Ophelia that bias against blacks were wrong, and buys a young slave, Topsy, for Ophelia to educate. Eva dies of a protracted illness, and she shared a vision of heaven in her deathbed. People who heard her account changed for the better, and St. Clare vowed to free Uncle Tom. Before he can do so, St. Clare is fatally wounded in a fight. In anger, his wife sold Uncle Tom to a vicious Northern farm owner, Simon Legree (Allen, 2008). Uncle Tom endured endless tortures from Legree, specially when he refused to whip a fellow slave. Tom found refuge in his Christian faith, which he generously comforted the other slaves with. At one point, Uncle Tome refused to divulge to Legree where two fugitive slaves had run to, so Legree ordered him killed. Before he died, Uncle Tom forgave his killers, who, humbled by the experience, became Christians. Arthur Shelby’s son comes to buy Uncle Tom his freedom, but was too late. George went home to his own farm, frees all his slaves, and reminds them to remember Uncle Tom’s sacrifices and his unwavering faith in Christianity (Allen, 2008). Ms. Stowe described Uncle Tom as benevolent, kind, humble and simple (Willis, 2002). Of course, the white masters did everything to destroy a slave’s dignity and self-respect (Willis, 2002). Nevertheless, Uncle Tom kept his morality, and was transparent Uncle Tom’s Cabin 6 about yearning for freedom. This transparency and honesty is NOT the behavior of a subservient slave, who would not dare to venture his desires for freedom, even to a kind master (Willis, 2002). It is high time we re-think â€Å"Uncle Tom. † We should pay tribute to the depth of Uncle Tom’s character, rather than degrade him into an epithet. This development in latter times of deriding Uncle Tom is perhaps one of the most harmful and tragic historical developments in American culture (Allen, 2008). Despite the brutality in his life as a slave, Uncle Tom stood tall at all times. Sometimes, Uncle Tom would annoy readers because of his goodness. In fact, Uncle Tom could’ve run away from Arthur Shelby who trusted him with money. Yet, Uncle Tom never took advantage of Shelby, because of his deep-seated loyalty to his master (Willis, 2002). In the novel, Ms. Stowe does not provide a background on Uncle Tom. Therefore, one doesn’t know whether his loyalty to Shelby was something that was inculcated with him since childhood if he was born in the Shelby plantation (Willis, 2002). However, it is implied in the story that Shelby’s promise of freedom to Uncle Tom could have made Uncle Tom loyal, although Shelby never confirms when he will free Uncle Tom (Willis, 2002). Shelby even betrays Tom by selling him when he ran into debt (Willis, 2002). No matter what, Uncle Tom still continued to trust white people, and trust in God. Many readers disliked this behavior (Willis, 2002). Speaking of faith, Uncle Tom’s unwavering faith was put to the test when St. Clare sold him to Legree. Even though Uncle Tom maintained his loyalty and faithfulness to his master, he did contemplate about escaping (Willis, 2002). To note, escape for Uncel Uncle Tom’s Cabin 7 Tom was not exactly in the physical sense of escape, but in spiritual escape (Willis, 2002). On the other hand, Legree realized that Uncle Tom was a valuable slave who had capacities for large amounts of work. At the same time, Legree also recognized that he would have to break Uncle Tom’s spirit at some point, if he were to maximize Uncle Tom’s value (Willis, 2002). To recall, during their first confrontation, Legree ordered Uncle Tom to whip a slave girl. Uncle Tom refused by honestly telling Legree that his soul will not surrender to a mortal (Willis, 2002). He even egged on Legree by saying that if he died as a result of beatings, then that would just send him faster to heaven (Willis, 2002). This illustrates that Uncle Tom has been contemplating death, and ultimate escape from slavery. He was pragmatic about Legree, though, and knew with a certainty that Legree will not have second thoughts about killing him for resisting (Willis, 2002). A final confrontation yet occurs between Legree and Uncle Tom, when the former asked Uncle Tom to divulge where two runaway slave girls have gone to (Willis, 2002). Ms. Stowe reiterated that as two slaves brought Uncle Tom before Legree, Uncle Tom acknowledged the power of Legree. Yet, at the same time, he affirmed that God gave him the strength to face death, rather than be traitor to the two helpless runaways Legree was after (Willis, 2002). He sat his basket down by the row, and, looking up, said, Into thy hands I commend my spirit! Thou hast redeemed me, oh Lord God of truth (Willis, 2002)† Like Jesus Christ, Uncle Tom resigned to his faith to Legree. Legree symbolizes the Uncle Tom’s Cabin 8 â€Å"evils of slavery†, while Uncle Tom can be likened to the archangel who resisted Satan’s temptations (Willis, 2002). Through this moments, Uncle Tom’s courage, nobility and humility surfaces when he tells Legree that he is able to shed his blood for the sake of the innocent in the same way that Jesus Christ did (Willis, 2002). Legree deals Uncle Tom his death blow. When he died, he had forgiven his killers. Uncle Tom used passive resistance to the hilt until it brought him closer to his God through death. No. Uncle Tom was not an â€Å"Uncle Tom†. Uncle Tom’s was a more puritanical kind of Christianity (The strength of ,2008). Therefore, if a reader is searching for a revolutionary role-model, someone who captains his own fate in the most shaming circumstances, then he/she will not find that hero in Uncle Tom (Younge, 2004). However, one seldom finds revolutionary role models. Uncle Tom’s sense of duty despite his slavery, is depressing. When his wife urges him to escape together with Eliza, he says: Masr always found me on the spot he always will. I never have broke trust and I never will (Younge, 2004). Moreover, his unwillingness to align his principles to everyone’s own good, is frustrating. When tempted by a slave to kill Legree while the latter was drunk, Uncle Tom said: No! good never comes of wickedness. Id sooner chop my right hand off Uncle Tom’s Cabin 9 The Lord hasnt called us to wrath. We must suffer, and wait his time (Younge, 2004). Uncle Tom instilled in us his belief that he would rather wait for his true freedom in heaven, as opposed to fighting for his freedom on earth. I t is from this same well of belief is Uncle Tom able to preserve his basic humanism, despite daily exposure to degradation and deprivation of respect (Younge, 2004). It is in his stoic faith and consistency do we realize Uncle Tom’s integrity (Younge, 2004). Through his integrity, he was able to stand for himself, encourage and comfort his fellow slaves, yet at the same time, restrain himself from abhorring the whites (Younge, 2004). Hecne, to understand why this epitome of dignity, self-respect and faith has becme an epitome for subservience and betrayal, we have to look at politics, film and the theater (Younge, 2004). Stage renditions of Uncle Tom’s Cabin tookaway radical yet subtle anti-slave messages, turning the story into one, big, minstrel show (Younge, 2004). In fact, Uncle Tom was the first cinematic role played by a first lead in a black film in the year 1914 (Younge, 2004).

Contradictions in the Great Gatsby Essay -- English Literature

Contradictions in the Great Gatsby They were known as the roaring twenty’s because the economy at the time was through the roof and people were partying all over the place. At the time there was a prohibition on the manufacturing and sales of intoxicating drinks. Since a lot of people did not feel like drinking gin they made in their bathtubs all the time, there was a huge market for organized crime. Organized criminals catered to the needs of the drinking public by illegally supplying them with liquor and made a fortune doing it. Even with all the crime in the jazz age, it will still be remembered for its glittering lights and unbridled romance. This just goes to show that life is filled with contradictions. Even with all the crime that went on, the twenties was still an era that was filled with excitement and joyous occasions. There are many contradictions in The Great Gatsby, written by F. Scott Fitzgerald, on one hand it’s glamorous, romantic and exciting and on the other hand it’s crude, corrupt and even disgusting. This double vision applies to people, places and events. Fitzgerald creates the roaring twenties by showing the division of society. The Buchanan’s live on one side, East Egg, and Jay Gatsby lives on the other side, West Egg. The West Egg is saturated with no rules or restrictions from past generations. It is a place that is filled with colorfulness yet everything clashes with each other. It has a sense of rawness to it and it is very much unstructured. The West Egg represents the fast moving-chaotic twenties. Gatsby is a part of West Egg society. West Eggers are the newly rich; the people who have worked hard and earned their money in a short period of time. Their wealth is based on... ...in the 1920s, where it has come from and where it is going. Jay Gatsby personifies the American Dream in modern terms, a perverse interpretation of what it was at inception. The American Dream is that anybody can pull themselves up by their bootstraps. Fitzgerald is saying that this is not necessarily true. He implies that socio-economical circumstances heavily influence a person’s ability to achieve the American Dream. America is an illusion, just an image that is presented. People in and outside America accepts the American ideals which are presented through the media, especially through visual mediums such as movies and television. This serves to create an ideal image of America which people hold falsely. When they try to achieve the American Dream, which is presented to them constantly, they realize the brutal reality which hides behind the illusion.

Hide and Seek

Ion the poem Hide and Seek, Vernon Scannell makes excellent use of all the sense to bring out the great excitement children usually experience whenever they play this ever- green game. The fact that short sentences are used in rapid succession and that the poem seems to have been written in one short stanza also contribute to this feeling. The persona is the one being sought, so he hides himself in the toolshed at the bottom of the garden making sure that his feet â€Å"aren’t sticking out†.The place smells salty because of the sacks of sand and both the floor and air feel damp and cold. As the seekers draw stealthily close, the poet is almost afraid to breathe and automatically closes his eyes as if by doing so, it would be difficult for his friends to find him. Time passes, the poet feels stiff, cold and uncomfortable so he decides to come out of his hiding place only to find that the other children have long abandoned the search and left him alone in the dark shed. à ¢â‚¬Å"The bushes hold their breath: the sun is gone. Yes here you are. But where are they who sought you?†?Although this poem is basically a poem about childhood recollections, a moral can still be learnt form it: namely that in life, when success seems to be within easy reach, we should not allow ourselves to feel too over-confident as we might end up losing all and feeling bitterly disappointed. Diction (The writer’s choice of words) The poem starts with the imperative verb ‘call’. Examples of words in the imperative are ‘ call out’ ‘call loud’ ‘be careful’, ‘don’t breathe’, ‘don’t move’, ‘stay dumb’, ‘hide’, ‘push pff’, ‘uncurl’, ‘stretch’, ‘come and own up’.In the poem, these words/verbs in the imperative form are very important because they are showing the expertise of this boy at play in this well -loved game. It is almost as if the boy is instructing the reader as to how we should play the game as well as we possible can, in order not to be caught. In â€Å"be careful that your feet aren’t sticking out† the young persona/the young child is giving us readers a good piece of advice – he wants to make sure that he makes the search for him a very difficult one. This shows that he wanted to be the winner at all costs. This shows that he wants to be the winner at all costs.In fact, in the next line, â€Å"Wiser not to risk another shout. † The boy is again giving advice, showing that the risk of being caught is very much possible since his friends might be close by. The adjective ‘cold’ is repeated twice in the poem, whilst we also have the word ‘damp’ to show the discomfort that the boy was feeling. In this poem we also have words like, ‘musn’t sneeze’, ‘whispering’, ‘hushed’, â₠¬Ëœdumb’, ‘mutters’ and all the words show the excitement felt by the boy, when he was being sought by his friends, he tries to avoid any sort of noise, even going as far to say, ‘don’t breathe’.There is only one stanza in this poem and there are four instances of rhyming couplets, ‘out’ and ‘shout’, ‘door’ and ‘before’, ‘land’ and again’ and ‘coat’ and ‘throat’. The fact that there is little rhyme in thus poem is indicative of the excitement being felt by the boy as he lies in hiding. The poem is very rich in figures of speech. From the very first line we find alliteration of the letter/consonant ’c’. This alliteration almost makes the call of the boy even more audible in our minds and it also gives the poem a certain vibrant feeling from the very start.We also have alliteration in the second line, ‘sacks in the toolshed smell like the seaside’’ with the letter/consonant ‘s’ and the effect that this creates is very much like the sound of the sea upon the shore, bringing about the olfactory image of the sea to mind. The soothing sound effect created by the alliteration of the letter ‘s ‘ brings to mind a feeling of calmness and serenity; a feeling that is extended in the following line when the persona says, ‘they’ll never find you in this salty dark’ meaning that he is calm because he knows that he is safe.The alliteration of the letter/consonants in ‘sound so’ almost enables us readers to hear the low voices and the increasing silence as the tension mounts. The alliteration of the consonant ‘d’ in ‘don’t breathe’ and ‘don’t move’ brings out the sense of urgency and heightened excitement felt/experienced by the boy. We also have alliteration in ‘dark damp’, ‘smel l of sand’ and in both these instances it is the alliteration of the letter ‘s’ which makes us almost feel the coarseness of the sand in the young child’s throat.The poem is also rich in personification where inanimate objects are being human qualities. For example: ‘cold bites’ this figure of speech makes us realize just how cold and uncomfortable this boy was feeling as he lay on the cold floor. The personification ‘darkening garden watches’ shows that the only thing greeting our winner in a dark garden, whilst in the next line, ‘the bushes hold their breath’ this personification not only reminds us of the effort done by the boy in order to avoid those who sought him, but also portrays the silence that surrounds the boy once he emerged from his hiding place.The very last in the poem sums up the disappoint felt by the persons, as soon as he realizes that all his friends had abandoned the search long before. Indeed th e feeling is one of bitter disappointment and although this is basically a poem about childhood recollections, a moral can still be learnt from it, namely that in life, when success seems to be within easy reach, we should not allow ourselves to feel over- confident as we might end up be losing everything and feeling completely empty, and disillusioned losers. Theme of childhood ï » ¿Hide and Seek Ion the poem Hide and Seek, Vernon Scannell makes excellent use of all the sense to bring out the great excitement children usually experience whenever they play this ever- green game. The fact that short sentences are used in rapid succession and that the poem seems to have been written in one short stanza also contribute to this feeling. The persona is the one being sought, so he hides himself in the toolshed at the bottom of the garden making sure that his feet â€Å"aren’t sticking out†.The place smells salty because of the sacks of sand and both the floor and air feel damp and cold. As the seekers draw stealthily close, the poet is almost afraid to breathe and automatically closes his eyes as if by doing so, it would be difficult for his friends to find him. Time passes, the poet feels stiff, cold and uncomfortable so he decides to come out of his hiding place only to find that the other children have long abandoned the search and left him alone in the dark shed. à ¢â‚¬Å"The bushes hold their breath: the sun is gone. Yes here you are. But where are they who sought you?†Although this poem is basically a poem about childhood recollections, a moral can still be learnt form it: namely that in life, when success seems to be within easy reach, we should not allow ourselves to feel too over-confident as we might end up losing all and feeling bitterly disappointed. Diction (The writer’s choice of words) The poem starts with the imperative verb ‘call’. Examples of words in the imperative are ‘ call out’ ‘call loud’ ‘be careful’, ‘don’t breathe’, ‘don’t move’, ‘stay dumb’, ‘hide’, ‘push pff’, ‘uncurl’, ‘stretch’, ‘come and own up’.In the poem, these words/verbs in the imperative form are very important because they are showing the expertise of this boy at play in this well- loved game. It is almost as if the boy is instructing the reader as to how we should play the game as well as we possible can, in order not to be caught. In â€Å"be careful that your feet aren’t sticking out† the young persona/the young child is giving us readers a good piece of advice – he wants to make sure that he makes the search for him a very difficult one. This shows that he wanted to be the winner at all costs. This shows that he wants to be the winner at all costs.In fact, in the next line, â€Å"Wiser not to risk another shout. † The boy is again giving advice, showing that the risk of being caught is very much possible since his friends might be close by. The adjective ‘cold’ is repeated twice in the poem, whilst we also have the word ‘damp’ to show the discomfort that the boy was feeling. In this poem we also have words like, ‘musn’t sneeze’, ‘whispering’, ‘hushed’, †˜dumb’, ‘mutters’ and all the words show the excitement felt by the boy, when he was being sought by his friends, he tries to avoid any sort of noise, even going as far to say, ‘don’t breathe’.There is only one stanza in this poem and there are four instances of rhyming couplets, ‘out’ and ‘shout’, ‘door’ and ‘before’, ‘land’ and again’ and ‘coat’ and ‘throat’. The fact that there is little rhyme in thus poem is indicative of the excitement being felt by the boy as he lies in hiding. The poem is very rich in figures of speech. From the very first line we find alliteration of the letter/consonant ’c’. This alliteration almost makes the call of the boy even more audible in our minds and it also gives the poem a certain vibrant feeling from the very start.We also have alliteration in the second line, ‘sacks in the toolshed smell like the seaside’’ with the letter/consonant ‘s’ and the effect that this creates is very much like the sound of the sea upon the shore, bringing about the olfactory image of the sea to mind. The soothing sound effect created by the alliteration of the letter ‘s ‘ brings to mind a feeling of calmness and serenity; a feeling that is extended in the following line when the persona says, ‘they’ll never find you in this salty dark’ meaning that he is calm because he knows that he is safe.The alliteration of the letter/consonants in ‘sound so’ almost enables us readers to hear the low voices and the increasing silence as the tension mounts. The alliteration of the consonant ‘d’ in ‘don’t breathe’ and ‘don’t move’ brings out the sense of urgency and heightened excitement felt/experienced by the boy. We also have alliteration in ‘dark damp’, ‘smell of sand’ and in both these instances it is the alliteration of the letter ‘s’ which makes us almost feel the coarseness of the sand in the young child’s throat.The poem is also rich in personification where inanimate objects are being human qualities. For example: ‘cold bites’ this figure of speech makes us realize just how cold and uncomfortable this boy was feeling as he lay on the cold floor. The personification ‘darkening garden watches’ shows that the only thing greeting our winner in a dark garden, whilst in the next line, ‘the bushes hold their breath’ this personification not only reminds us of the effort done by the boy in order to avoid those who sought him, but also portrays the silence that surrounds the boy once he emerged from his hiding place.The very last in the poem sums up the disappoint felt by the persons, as soon as he realizes that all his friends had abandoned the search long before. Indeed the feeling is one of bitter disappointment and although this is basically a poem about childhood recollections, a moral can still be learnt from it, namely that in life, when success seems to be within easy reach, we should not allow ourselves to feel over- confident as we might end up be losing everything and feeling completely empty, and disillusioned losers. Theme of childhood

Bottled Water And Drinking Water Essay - 822 Words

We must drink enough fluids for a creature or human to live and grow. Even though some people may need coke and soda in their personal life, many people have many opportunities to drink water, which is the closest and cheapest fluid. We can drink water in two kinds of ways, bottled water and tap water. Some recent articles recommend choosing tap water for several reasons, even though the investigations of the two kinds of water praised bottled water as better water for us than tap water until a little while ago. Which one is better for us? Both bottled water and tap water are the same water just by looking at them; however, each of one has its merits and demerits regarding health risk, price, environmental impact, and source of water. The first comparison is health risk. The organizations regulating tap water and bottled water are different and the rules for bottled water are generally less strict than tap water rules. â€Å"The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has the authority to monitor all public water systems and sets enforceable health standards regarding the contaminants in drinking water. When drinking water leaves a treatment plant on its way to your house, it must meet strict safety standards. That doesn’t mean that your water is free of all contaminants, but that the levels of any contaminants don’t pose any serious health risk.† (WebMD, LLC. 2014). Also, BERKELEY WELLNESS writes, â€Å"city water is regulated and screened 100 times a month.†(BERKELEY WELLNESS); On theShow MoreRelatedBottled Water And Drinking Water757 Words   |  4 Pagesdeal of water, in fact, the average American uses 90 gallons a day (Henshaw). So it is not surprising America has one of the cleanes t water reserves in the world (â€Å"Water Quality†). A surprising statistic, however, is one-third of the American population drinks bottled water on a regular basis when the majority has clean drinking water at home (Olsen). This might be due to the fact that the bottled water industry has promoted itself as a healthier and more portable alternative to tap water. HoweverRead MoreBottled Water : The Demand For Bottled Drinking Water835 Words   |  4 Pages NJOKU Bottled Water The demand for bottled drinking water has been growing rapidly since the 1980s, increasing nearly 400% in the last decade according to the Council of Bottled Water Manufacturers, as a result of declining consumer confidence in the safety and quality of municipal water supplies. In response, individuals and businesses are purchasing bottled drinking water for use in their homes and offices. Free of contaminants and government-monitored, bottled waters are derived from protectedRead MoreThe Effects Of Bottled Water On Drinking Water1115 Words   |  5 Pagespeople buying bottled water. My grandfather told me that when he was a boy they drank water from the hose and it was free. I know growing up our household certainly didn’t bother with things like that, so facet water is what we got as well. The costs of groceries these days is expensive, spending extra money on water always seemed like such a waste to me. Now, that being said, some people live in areas where the water isnâ⠂¬â„¢t very clean, and buying bottled water is much safer than drinking the city’sRead MoreDrinking Water Out Of Bottled Water1191 Words   |  5 PagesMost American see bottled water as a necessity, even though bottled water did not exist numerous years ago. Drinking out of a water bottle has become the customary drinking source for most Americans. We have become reliant on plastic waste. Water is life sustaining, so many of us would think that drinking water out of a bottle is harmless. Unfortunately it is not, there have been hints of PET and BPA in the plastic containers we are drinking out of. Both PET and BPA can stimulate sever health consequencesRead MoreBenefits Of Drinking Bottled Water Essay1171 Words   |  5 PagesThere are many benefits of drinking bottled water, but these benefits do not outweigh the costs. Drinking bottled water can have many negative effects on human health, and can be very harmful to the environment. Over the past ten years, the bottled wa ter market has tripled. Every year the market grows ten percent from the previous year. Because the market is continuously growing, the amount of negative impacts of bottled water are also growing. Bottled water has been linked to health defects, illnessesRead MoreDrinking Water Is Safe For Bottled Water1272 Words   |  6 PagesEveryone wants to know which water is safe for them, is it bottled water or tap water? The US drinks more bottled water than any other country across the globe. Not only does the US consume more bottled water, but uses a lot of energy to produce the bottled water. In developing countries, tap water is safe and ‘drinkable’. Bottled water and tap water come from the same sources, but tap water is better than bottled water. Some ways in which tap water is better than bottled water is the cost, environmentalRead MoreDrinking Tap-Water Is Better Than Bottled Water2132 Words   |  9 PagesDrinking Tap-water is better than Bottled Water Bottled water is simply water from some sources that a company has placed in a bottle for resale. It can have minimal processing – as in natural spring or mineral water, or it can be completely filtered and dematerialized which is to remove minerals in the water to nearly pure, and then added minerals back into the water to make it taste better. In these days, â€Å"we drink 15 times more bottled water today than we did in 1976. According to the NRDCRead MoreDrinking Bottled Water Is Not Good For The Environment1006 Words   |  5 Pageson buying bottled water. What they don t know is the difference between bottled and tap water. People buy bottled water because they think it s safer to drink. What they don’t know is that bottled water is bad for the environment. Bottled water manufacturers begin by putting the water into plastic bottles which then is shipped from one part of the world to another and then kept refrigerated before they sell it. Not only that, but p eople around the world are lacking safe drinkable water and are dyingRead More Bottled Water Quality vs Municipal Drinking Water Quality Essay1803 Words   |  8 Pagestap water as we do for bottled water, most people would have a monthly water bill of over $9,000. - -Andrew C. Revkin - The New York Times It is very common for research groups to set up a bottled water taste test. The results are always the same: without a label, there is no obvious difference among any kind of bottled water or even tap water. Yet millions of Americans routinely buy bottled water and re-filter their tap water. The Clean Water Act of 1972 was supposed to ensure all water sourcesRead MoreDrinking Water From Your Sink is Safer Than Bottled Water Essay1099 Words   |  5 PagesFord -- The advertising of bottled water companies often implies that tap water is impure. Is your tap water safe to drink? Some people think that water straight from the faucet could contain chemicals that cause illness and even cancer, but it doesnt. Pesticides and other chemicals do not contaminate drinking water. The Safe Drinking Water Act was passed by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to allow state governments to protect the public from water contamination by establishing